Cell cycle regulation of DNA replication

Eukaryotic DNA replication is regulated to ensure all chromosomes replicate once and only once per cell cycle. Replication begins at many origins scattered along each chromosome. Except for budding yeast, origins are not defined DNA sequences and probably are inherited by epigenetic mechanisms. Init...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of genetics 2007-01, Vol.41 (1), p.237-280
Main Authors: Sclafani, R A, Holzen, T M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Archaea
Cell Cycle
Chromosomes
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA Replication
Eukaryotes
Gene expression
Proteins
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Yeast
Yeasts
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Summary:Eukaryotic DNA replication is regulated to ensure all chromosomes replicate once and only once per cell cycle. Replication begins at many origins scattered along each chromosome. Except for budding yeast, origins are not defined DNA sequences and probably are inherited by epigenetic mechanisms. Initiation at origins occurs throughout the S phase according to a temporal program that is important in regulating gene expression during development. Most replication proteins are conserved in evolution in eukaryotes and archaea, but not in bacteria. However, the mechanism of initiation is conserved and consists of origin recognition, assembly of prereplication (pre-RC) initiative complexes, helicase activation, and replisome loading. Cell cycle regulation by protein phosphorylation ensures that pre-RC assembly can only occur in G1 phase, whereas helicase activation and loading can only occur in S phase. Checkpoint regulation maintains high fidelity by stabilizing replication forks and preventing cell cycle progression during replication stress or damage.
ISSN:0066-4197
1545-2948
DOI:10.1146/annurev.genet.41.110306.130308