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Cell cycle regulation of DNA replication

Eukaryotic DNA replication is regulated to ensure all chromosomes replicate once and only once per cell cycle. Replication begins at many origins scattered along each chromosome. Except for budding yeast, origins are not defined DNA sequences and probably are inherited by epigenetic mechanisms. Init...

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Published in:	Annual review of genetics 2007-01, Vol.41 (1), p.237-280
Main Authors:	Sclafani, R A, Holzen, T M
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	Animals Archaea Cell Cycle Chromosomes Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA Replication Eukaryotes Gene expression Proteins Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Yeasts
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description	Eukaryotic DNA replication is regulated to ensure all chromosomes replicate once and only once per cell cycle. Replication begins at many origins scattered along each chromosome. Except for budding yeast, origins are not defined DNA sequences and probably are inherited by epigenetic mechanisms. Initiation at origins occurs throughout the S phase according to a temporal program that is important in regulating gene expression during development. Most replication proteins are conserved in evolution in eukaryotes and archaea, but not in bacteria. However, the mechanism of initiation is conserved and consists of origin recognition, assembly of prereplication (pre-RC) initiative complexes, helicase activation, and replisome loading. Cell cycle regulation by protein phosphorylation ensures that pre-RC assembly can only occur in G1 phase, whereas helicase activation and loading can only occur in S phase. Checkpoint regulation maintains high fidelity by stabilizing replication forks and preventing cell cycle progression during replication stress or damage.
doi_str_mv	10.1146/annurev.genet.41.110306.130308
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subjects	Animals Archaea Cell Cycle Chromosomes Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA Replication Eukaryotes Gene expression Proteins Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Yeasts
title	Cell cycle regulation of DNA replication
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