Retrograde amnesia for visual memories after hippocampal damage in rats

It is generally believed that the hippocampus is not required for simple discrimination learning. However, a small number of studies have shown that hippocampus damage impairs retention of a previously learned visual discrimination task. We propose that, although simple discrimination learning may p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2008-04, Vol.15 (1-6), p.214-221
Main Authors: EPP, Jonathan, KEITH, Julian R, SPANSWICK, Simon C, STONE, Jared C, PRUSKY, Glen T, SUTHERLAND, Robert J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amnesia, Retrograde - physiopathology
Animals
Behavioral psychophysiology
Biological and medical sciences
Discrimination Learning
Disorders of higher nervous function. Focal brain diseases. Central vestibular syndrome and deafness. Brain stem syndromes
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Hippocampus - pathology
Learning
Medical sciences
Memory
Memory, Short-Term
Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)
Neurology
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Rats
Time Factors
Visual Perception - physiology
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Summary:It is generally believed that the hippocampus is not required for simple discrimination learning. However, a small number of studies have shown that hippocampus damage impairs retention of a previously learned visual discrimination task. We propose that, although simple discrimination learning may proceed in the absence of the hippocampus, it plays an important role in this type of learning when it is intact. In order to test the role of the hippocampus in simple discrimination learning, we performed a series of experiments utilizing a two-choice picture discrimination task. Our experiments confirm that rats readily learn simple two-choice picture discriminations after hippocampus damage. However, if such discriminations are first learned while the hippocampus is intact, subsequent hippocampus damage causes severe retrograde amnesia for the discriminations. Furthermore, retrograde amnesia for simple picture discriminations was equally severe when the interval between training and damage was 1 d or 60 d; remote picture memories are not spared. Similarly, the rule or schema underlying a recently or remotely acquired picture discrimination learning set was lost after hippocampus damage. The severity of retrograde amnesia for simple picture discriminations is negatively correlated with the volume of spared hippocampus tissue. Thus, the hippocampus plays an essential role in long-term memories supporting simple picture discriminations.
ISSN:1072-0502
1549-5485
DOI:10.1101/lm.788008