Psychological effects of a low-grade abnormal cervical smear test result: anxiety and associated factors

Receipt of an abnormal cervical smear result often generates fear and confusion and can have a negative impact on a woman's well-being. Most previous studies have focussed on high-grade abnormal smears. This study describes the psychological and psychosocial effects, on women, of having receive...

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Published in:British journal of cancer 2006-05, Vol.94 (9), p.1253-1262
Main Authors: Gray, N M, Sharp, L, Cotton, S C, Masson, L F, Little, J, Walker, L G, Avis, M, Philips, Z, Russell, I, Whynes, D, Cruickshank, M, Woolley, C M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Anxiety
Biological and medical sciences
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cancer Research
Clinical Study
Depression
Drug Resistance
Epidemiology
Female
Female genital diseases
Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics
Humans
Life Style
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Molecular Medicine
Oncology
Risk Factors
Social Class
Tumors
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - psychology
Vaginal Smears - psychology
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creator Gray, N M
Sharp, L
Cotton, S C
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Philips, Z
Russell, I
Whynes, D
Cruickshank, M
Woolley, C M
description Receipt of an abnormal cervical smear result often generates fear and confusion and can have a negative impact on a woman's well-being. Most previous studies have focussed on high-grade abnormal smears. This study describes the psychological and psychosocial effects, on women, of having received a low-grade abnormal smear result. Over 3500 women recruited to TOMBOLA (Trial Of Management of Borderline and Other Low-grade Abnormal smears) participated in this study. Anxiety was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at recruitment. Socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, locus of control and factors associated with the psychosocial impact of the abnormal smear result were also assessed. Women reported anxiety levels consistent with those found in previous studies of women with high-grade smear results. Women at highest risk of anxiety were younger, had children, were current smokers, or had the highest levels of physical activity. Interventions that focus particularly on women's understanding of smear results and pre-cancer, and/or directly address their fears about cancer, treatment and fertility might provide the greatest opportunity to reduce the adverse psychosocial impact of receiving a low-grade abnormal cervical smear result.
doi_str_mv 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603086
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subjects Adult
Anxiety
Biological and medical sciences
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cancer Research
Clinical Study
Depression
Drug Resistance
Epidemiology
Female
Female genital diseases
Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics
Humans
Life Style
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Molecular Medicine
Oncology
Risk Factors
Social Class
Tumors
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - psychology
Vaginal Smears - psychology
title Psychological effects of a low-grade abnormal cervical smear test result: anxiety and associated factors
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