Dual roles of brain serine hydrolase KIAA1363 in ether lipid metabolism and organophosphate detoxification

• Published in: Toxicology and applied pharmacology 2008-04, Vol.228 (1), p.42-48
• Main Authors: Nomura, Daniel K., Fujioka, Kazutoshi, Issa, Roger S., Ward, Anna M., Cravatt, Benjamin F., Casida, John E.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES; Acetyl monoalkylglycerol ether; Acetylcholinesterase - metabolism; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; BRAIN; Brain - enzymology; Chlorpyrifos; Chlorpyrifos - toxicity; CHOLINE; CYTIDINE; DETOXIFICATION; DMSO; Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology; ENZYMES; ETHERS; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; HEART; HYDROLYSIS; IN VIVO; Inactivation, Metabolic - genetics; Insecticides - toxicity; KIAA1363; KIDNEYS; Lipid Metabolism - genetics; LIPIDS; LIQUID COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY; LUNGS; MASS SPECTROSCOPY; Medical sciences; METABOLISM; MICE; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Myocardium - enzymology; Organophosphate; Organophosphates - metabolism; Organophosphates - toxicity; PARATHION; Parathion - toxicity; Pesticides, fertilizers and other agrochemicals toxicology; Platelet activating factor; Platelet Activating Factor - metabolism; SERINE; Serine Endopeptidases - genetics; Serine Endopeptidases - physiology; Serine Proteases; Sterol Esterase; Tissue Distribution; Toxicology
• ISSN: 0041-008X; 1096-0333
• DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.11.021

Serine hydrolase KIAA1363 is an acetyl monoalkylglycerol ether (AcMAGE) hydrolase involved in tumor cell invasiveness. It is also an organophosphate (OP) insecticide-detoxifying enzyme. The key to understanding these dual properties was the use of KIAA1363 +/+ (wildtype) and −/− (gene deficient) mice to define the role of this enzyme in brain and other tissues and its effectiveness in vivo in reducing OP toxicity. KIAA1363 was the primary AcMAGE hydrolase in brain, lung, heart and kidney and was highly sensitive to inactivation by chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO) (IC 50 2 nM) [the bioactivated metabolite of the major insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF)]. Although there was no difference in hydrolysis product monoalkylglycerol ether (MAGE) levels in +/+ and −/− mouse brains in vivo, isopropyl dodecylfluorophosphonate (30 mg/kg) and CPF (100 mg/kg) resulted in 23–51% decrease in brain MAGE levels consistent with inhibition of AcMAGE hydrolase activity. On incubating +/+ and −/− brain membranes with AcMAGE and cytidine-5′-diphosphocholine, the absence of KIAA1363 activity dramatically increased de novo formation of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and lyso-PAF, signifying that metabolically-stabilized AcMAGE can be converted to this bioactive lipid in brain. On considering detoxification, KIAA1363 −/− mice were significantly more sensitive than +/+ mice to ip-administered CPF (100 mg/kg) and parathion (10 mg/kg) with increased tremoring and mortality that correlated for CPF with greater brain acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Docking AcMAGE and CPO in a KIAA1363 active site model showed similar positioning of their acetyl and trichloropyridinyl moieties, respectively. This study establishes the relevance of KIAA1363 in ether lipid metabolism and OP detoxification.