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circadian clock system in the mammalian retina

Daily rhythms are a ubiquitous feature of living systems. Generally, these rhythms are not just passive consequences of cyclic fluctuations in the environment, but instead originate within the organism. In mammals, including humans, the master pacemaker controlling 24-hour rhythms is localized in th...

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Published in:	BioEssays 2008-07, Vol.30 (7), p.624-633
Main Authors:	Tosini, Gianluca, Pozdeyev, Nikita, Sakamoto, Katsuhiko, Iuvone, P. Michael
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	Animals Biological Clocks - physiology Circadian Rhythm - physiology CLOCK Proteins Feedback, Physiological Humans Mammals - anatomy & histology Mammals - physiology Melatonin - chemistry Melatonin - metabolism Periodicity Photoreceptor Cells - cytology Photoreceptor Cells - metabolism Retina - cytology Retina - physiology Trans-Activators - genetics Trans-Activators - metabolism
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creator	Tosini, Gianluca Pozdeyev, Nikita Sakamoto, Katsuhiko Iuvone, P. Michael
description	Daily rhythms are a ubiquitous feature of living systems. Generally, these rhythms are not just passive consequences of cyclic fluctuations in the environment, but instead originate within the organism. In mammals, including humans, the master pacemaker controlling 24-hour rhythms is localized in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. This circadian clock is responsible for the temporal organization of a wide variety of functions, ranging from sleep and food intake, to physiological measures such as body temperature, heart rate and hormone release. The retinal circadian clock was the first extra-SCN circadian oscillator to be discovered in mammals and several studies have now demonstrated that many of the physiological, cellular and molecular rhythms that are present within the retina are under the control of a retinal circadian clock, or more likely a network of hierarchically organized circadian clocks that are present within this tissue. BioEssays 30:624-633, 2008.
doi_str_mv	10.1002/bies.20777
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subjects	Animals Biological Clocks - physiology Circadian Rhythm - physiology CLOCK Proteins Feedback, Physiological Humans Mammals - anatomy & histology Mammals - physiology Melatonin - chemistry Melatonin - metabolism Periodicity Photoreceptor Cells - cytology Photoreceptor Cells - metabolism Retina - cytology Retina - physiology Trans-Activators - genetics Trans-Activators - metabolism
title	circadian clock system in the mammalian retina
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