Transcriptional control by PARP-1: chromatin modulation, enhancer-binding, coregulation, and insulation

• Published in: Current opinion in cell biology 2008-06, Vol.20 (3), p.294-302
• Main Author: Kraus, W Lee
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose - metabolism; Animals; DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics; Enhancer Elements, Genetic - genetics; Gene Expression Regulation - genetics; Genome - genetics; Humans; Internal Medicine; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose - biosynthesis; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases - chemistry; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases - genetics; Protein Processing, Post-Translational - genetics; Protein Structure, Tertiary - genetics; Transcription, Genetic - genetics
• ISSN: 0955-0674; 1879-0410
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2008.03.006

The regulation of gene expression requires a wide array of protein factors that can modulate chromatin structure, act at enhancers, function as transcriptional coregulators, or regulate insulator function. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), an abundant and ubiquitous nuclear enzyme that catalyzes the NAD+ -dependent addition of ADP-ribose polymers on a variety of nuclear proteins, has been implicated in all of these functions. Recent biochemical, genomic, proteomic, and cell-based studies have highlighted the role of PARP-1 in each of these processes and provided new insights about the molecular mechanisms governing PARP-1-dependent regulation of gene expression. In addition, these studies have demonstrated how PARP-1 functions as an integral part of cellular signaling pathways that culminate in gene-regulatory outcomes.