Language selection in bilingual speech: Evidence for inhibitory processes

Although bilinguals rarely make random errors of language when they speak, research on spoken production provides compelling evidence to suggest that both languages are active when only one language is spoken (e.g., [Poulisse, N. (1999). Slips of the tongue: Speech errors in first and second languag...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Acta psychologica 2008-07, Vol.128 (3), p.416-430
Main Authors: Kroll, Judith F., Bobb, Susan C., Misra, Maya, Guo, Taomei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bilingual language processing
Brain - physiology
Choice Behavior
Electroencephalography
Evoked Potentials - physiology
Humans
Inhibition (Psychology)
Language
Language production
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Multilingualism
Psycholinguistics
Vocabulary
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Summary:Although bilinguals rarely make random errors of language when they speak, research on spoken production provides compelling evidence to suggest that both languages are active when only one language is spoken (e.g., [Poulisse, N. (1999). Slips of the tongue: Speech errors in first and second language production. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins]). Moreover, the parallel activation of the two languages appears to characterize the planning of speech for highly proficient bilinguals as well as second language learners. In this paper, we first review the evidence for cross-language activity during single word production and then consider the two major alternative models of how the intended language is eventually selected. According to language-specific selection models, both languages may be active but bilinguals develop the ability to selectively attend to candidates in the intended language. The alternative model, that candidates from both languages compete for selection, requires that cross-language activity be modulated to allow selection to occur. On the latter view, the selection mechanism may require that candidates in the nontarget language be inhibited. We consider the evidence for such an inhibitory mechanism in a series of recent behavioral and neuroimaging studies.
ISSN:0001-6918
1873-6297
DOI:10.1016/j.actpsy.2008.02.001