High-fat diet before and during pregnancy causes marked up-regulation of placental nutrient transport and fetal overgrowth in C57/BL6 mice

Maternal overweight and obesity in pregnancy often result in fetal overgrowth, which increases the risk for the baby to develop metabolic syndrome later in life. However, the mechanisms underlying fetal overgrowth are not established. We developed a mouse model and hypothesized that a maternal high-...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The FASEB journal 2009-01, Vol.23 (1), p.271-278
Main Authors: Jones, Helen N, Woollett, Laura A, Barbour, Nicolette, Prasad, Puttur D, Powell, Theresa L, Jansson, Thomas
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino Acids - metabolism
Animals
Biological Transport - drug effects
Dietary Fats - pharmacology
Female
Fetal Development - drug effects
Glucose - metabolism
macrosomia
maternal obesity
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Placenta - metabolism
Pregnancy
Research Communications
Up-Regulation
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Summary:Maternal overweight and obesity in pregnancy often result in fetal overgrowth, which increases the risk for the baby to develop metabolic syndrome later in life. However, the mechanisms underlying fetal overgrowth are not established. We developed a mouse model and hypothesized that a maternal high-fat (HF) diet causes up-regulation of placental nutrient transport, resulting in fetal overgrowth. C57BL/6J female mice were fed a control (11% energy from fat) or HF (32% energy from fat) diet for 8 wk before mating and throughout gestation and were studied at embryonic day 18.5. The HF diet increased maternal adiposity, as assessed by fat pad weight, and circulating maternal leptin, decreased serum adiponectin concentrations, and caused a marked increase in fetal growth (+43%). The HF diet also increased transplacental transport of glucose (5-fold) and neutral amino acids (10-fold) in vivo. In microvillous plasma membranes (MVMs) isolated from placentas of HF-fed animals, protein expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) was increased 5-fold, and protein expression of sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter (SNAT) 2 was elevated 9-fold. In contrast, MVM protein expression of GLUT 3 or SNAT4 was unaltered. These data suggest that up-regulation of specific placental nutrient transporter isoforms constitute a mechanism linking maternal high-fat diet and obesity to fetal overgrowth.--Jones, H. N., Woollett, L. A., Barbour, N., Prasad, P. D., Powell, T. L., Jansson, T. High-fat diet before and during pregnancy causes marked up-regulation of placental nutrient transport and fetal overgrowth in C57/BL6 mice.
ISSN:0892-6638
1530-6860
DOI:10.1096/fj.08-116889