Role of the Acidic Hirudin-like COOH-Terminal Amino Acid Region of Factor Va Heavy Chain in the Enhanced Function of Prothrombinase

• Published in: Biochemistry (Easton) 2008-07, Vol.47 (30), p.7963-7974
• Main Authors: Hirbawi, Jamila, Bukys, Michael A, Barhoover, Melissa A, Erdogan, Evrim, Kalafatis, Michael
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Blotting, Western; Chlorocebus aethiops; COS Cells; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme Precursors - metabolism; Escherichia coli - genetics; Escherichia coli - metabolism; Factor V - chemistry; Factor V - genetics; Factor V - metabolism; Factor Va - chemistry; Factor Va - genetics; Factor Va - metabolism; Hirudins - chemistry; Hirudins - metabolism; Humans; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Oligopeptides - chemistry; Oligopeptides - metabolism; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prothrombin - metabolism; Recombinant Proteins - chemistry; Recombinant Proteins - metabolism; Thrombin - chemistry; Thrombin - metabolism; Thromboplastin - metabolism
• ISSN: 0006-2960; 1520-4995
• DOI: 10.1021/bi800593k

Prothrombinase activates prothrombin through initial cleavage at Arg320 followed by cleavage at Arg271. This pathway is characterized by the generation of an enzymatically active, transient intermediate, meizothrombin, that has increased chromogenic substrate activity but poor clotting activity. The heavy chain of factor Va contains an acidic region at the COOH terminus (residues 680−709). We have shown that a pentapeptide from this region (DYDYQ) inhibits prothrombin activation by prothrombinase by inhibiting meizothrombin generation. To ascertain the function of these regions, we have created a mutant recombinant factor V molecule that is missing the last 30 amino acids from the heavy chain (factor VΔ680−709) and a mutant molecule with the 695DYDY698 → AAAA substitutions (factor V4A). The clotting activities of both recombinant mutant factor Va molecules were impaired compared to the clotting activity of wild-type factor Va (factor VaWt). Using an assay employing purified reagents, we found that prothrombinase assembled with factor VaΔ680−709 displayed an ∼39% increase in k cat, while prothrombinase assembled with factor Va4A exhibited an ∼20% increase in k cat for the activation of prothrombin as compared to prothrombinase assembled with factor VaWt. Gel electrophoresis analyzing prothrombin activation by prothrombinase assembled with the mutant molecules revealed a delay in prothrombin activation with persistence of meizothrombin. Our data demonstrate that the COOH-terminal region of factor Va heavy chain is indeed crucial for coordinated prothrombin activation by prothrombinase because it regulates meizothrombin cleavage at Arg271 and suggest that this portion of factor Va is partially responsible for the enhanced procoagulant function of prothrombinase.