Astrocytes and Ischemic Injury

Ischemic injury is traditionally viewed from an axiomatic perspective of neuronal loss. Yet the ischemic infarct encompasses all cell types, including astrocytes. This review will discuss the idea that astrocytes play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of ischemic neuronal death. It is proposed...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Stroke (1970) 2009-03, Vol.40 (3), p.S8-12
Main Authors: TAKANO, Takahiro, OBERHEIM, Nancyann, COTRINA, Maria Luisa, NEDERGAARD, Maiken
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenosine Triphosphate - physiology
Animals
Astrocytes - pathology
Astrocytes - physiology
Biological and medical sciences
Blood. Blood coagulation. Reticuloendothelial system
Brain Ischemia - pathology
Brain Ischemia - physiopathology
Calcium Signaling - physiology
Disease Models, Animal
Humans
Medical sciences
Neurology
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Rats
Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system
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Summary:Ischemic injury is traditionally viewed from an axiomatic perspective of neuronal loss. Yet the ischemic infarct encompasses all cell types, including astrocytes. This review will discuss the idea that astrocytes play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of ischemic neuronal death. It is proposed that stroke injury is primarily a consequence of the failure of astrocytes to support the essential metabolic needs of neurons. This "gliocentric view" of stroke injury predicts that pharmacological interventions specifically targeting neurons are unlikely to succeed, because it is not feasible to preserve neuronal viability in an environment that fails to meet essential metabolic requirements. Neuroprotective efforts targeting the functional integrity of astrocytes may constitute a superior strategy for future neuroprotection.
ISSN:0039-2499
1524-4628
DOI:10.1161/strokeaha.108.533166