Analysis of conjugated steroid androgens: Deconjugation, derivatisation and associated issues

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is the preferred technique for the detection of urinary steroid androgens for drug testing in athletics. Excreted in either the glucuronide or sulfated conjugated form, steroids must first undergo deconjugation followed by derivatisation to render them su...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 2009-07, Vol.49 (5), p.1133-1140
Main Authors: Gomes, Rachel L., Meredith, Will, Snape, Colin E., Sephton, Mark A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Analytical, structural and metabolic biochemistry
Androgens - analysis
Androgens - chemical synthesis
Androgens - metabolism
Biological and medical sciences
Biological samples
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Conjugated steroids
Deconjugation
Derivatisation
Doping in Sports
Forensic drug testing
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
General pharmacology
Glucuronides - analysis
Humans
Male
Mass Spectrometry
Medical sciences
Molecular Structure
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Review
Steroids - analysis
Steroids - chemical synthesis
Steroids - metabolism
Substance Abuse Detection
Sulfates - analysis
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Summary:Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is the preferred technique for the detection of urinary steroid androgens for drug testing in athletics. Excreted in either the glucuronide or sulfated conjugated form, steroids must first undergo deconjugation followed by derivatisation to render them suitable for GC analysis. Discussed herein are the deconjugation and the derivatisation preparative options. The analytical challenges surrounding these preparatory approaches, in particular the inability to cleave the sulfate moiety have led to a focus on testing protocols that reply on glucuronide conjugates. Other approaches which alleviate the need for deconjugation and derivatisation are also highlighted.
ISSN:0731-7085
1873-264X
DOI:10.1016/j.jpba.2009.01.027