Hexavalent Chromium Is Carcinogenic to F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice after Chronic Oral Exposure

Background: Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a human carcinogen after inhalation exposure. Humans also ingest Cr(VI) from contaminated drinking water and soil; however, limited data exist on the oral toxicity and carcinogenicity of Cr(VI). Objective: We characterized the chronic oral toxicity and car...

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Published in:Environmental health perspectives 2009-05, Vol.117 (5), p.716-722
Main Authors: Stout, Matthew D., Herbert, Ronald A., Kissling, Grace E., Collins, Bradley J., Travlos, Gregory S., Witt, Kristine L., Melnick, Ronald L., Abdo, Kamal M., Malarkey, David E., Hooth, Michelle J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenoma
Administration, Oral
Animals
Carcinogenesis
Carcinogenicity
Carcinogens
Carcinogens - administration & dosage
Carcinogens - toxicity
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - chemically induced
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - pathology
Chemical hazards
Chromates
Chromium
Chromium - administration & dosage
Chromium - toxicity
Chromium compounds
Contamination
Diffusion
Dosage
Drinking water
Duodenum
Environmental aspects
Epithelium
Female
Females
Health
Hexavalent chromium
Human
Infiltration
Lymph
Male
Males
Mice
Mouth
Mouth - drug effects
Mouth - pathology
Mouth Neoplasms - chemically induced
Mouth Neoplasms - pathology
Neoplasia
Neoplasms
Physiological aspects
Potable water
Rats
Rats, Inbred F344
Risk factors
Sodium
Toxicity
Water consumption
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c764t-e443ce8da722cf250940014618040718545ff48c9c5e354e605e8377ebbed73f3
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c764t-e443ce8da722cf250940014618040718545ff48c9c5e354e605e8377ebbed73f3
container_end_page 722
container_issue 5
container_start_page 716
container_title Environmental health perspectives
container_volume 117
creator Stout, Matthew D.
Herbert, Ronald A.
Kissling, Grace E.
Collins, Bradley J.
Travlos, Gregory S.
Witt, Kristine L.
Melnick, Ronald L.
Abdo, Kamal M.
Malarkey, David E.
Hooth, Michelle J.
description Background: Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a human carcinogen after inhalation exposure. Humans also ingest Cr(VI) from contaminated drinking water and soil; however, limited data exist on the oral toxicity and carcinogenicity of Cr(VI). Objective: We characterized the chronic oral toxicity and carcinogenicity of Cr(VI) in rodents. Methods: The National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted 2-year drinking water studies of Cr(VI) (as sodium dichromate dihydrate) in male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. Results: Cr(VI) exposure resulted in increased incidences of rare neoplasms of the squamous epithelium that lines the oral cavity (oral mucosa and tongue) in male and female rats, and of the epithelium lining the small intestine in male and female mice. Cr(VI) exposure did not affect survival but resulted in reduced mean body weights and water consumption, due at least in part to poor palatability of the dosed water. Cr(VI) exposure resulted in transient microcytic hypochromic anemia in rats and microcytosis in mice. Nonneoplastic lesions included diffuse epithelial hyperplasia in the duodenum and jejunum of mice and histiocytic cell infiltration in the duodenum, liver, and mesenteric and pancreatic lymph nodes of rats and mice. Conclusions: Cr(VI) was carcinogenic after administration in drinking water to male and female rats and mice.
doi_str_mv 10.1289/ehp.0800208
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Humans also ingest Cr(VI) from contaminated drinking water and soil; however, limited data exist on the oral toxicity and carcinogenicity of Cr(VI). Objective: We characterized the chronic oral toxicity and carcinogenicity of Cr(VI) in rodents. Methods: The National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted 2-year drinking water studies of Cr(VI) (as sodium dichromate dihydrate) in male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. Results: Cr(VI) exposure resulted in increased incidences of rare neoplasms of the squamous epithelium that lines the oral cavity (oral mucosa and tongue) in male and female rats, and of the epithelium lining the small intestine in male and female mice. Cr(VI) exposure did not affect survival but resulted in reduced mean body weights and water consumption, due at least in part to poor palatability of the dosed water. Cr(VI) exposure resulted in transient microcytic hypochromic anemia in rats and microcytosis in mice. Nonneoplastic lesions included diffuse epithelial hyperplasia in the duodenum and jejunum of mice and histiocytic cell infiltration in the duodenum, liver, and mesenteric and pancreatic lymph nodes of rats and mice. Conclusions: Cr(VI) was carcinogenic after administration in drinking water to male and female rats and mice.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0091-6765</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1552-9924</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0800208</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19479012</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. National Institutes of Health. Department of Health and Human Services</publisher><subject>Adenoma ; Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinogenicity ; Carcinogens ; Carcinogens - administration &amp; dosage ; Carcinogens - toxicity ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - chemically induced ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - pathology ; Chemical hazards ; Chromates ; Chromium ; Chromium - administration &amp; dosage ; Chromium - toxicity ; Chromium compounds ; Contamination ; Diffusion ; Dosage ; Drinking water ; Duodenum ; Environmental aspects ; Epithelium ; Female ; Females ; Health ; Hexavalent chromium ; Human ; Infiltration ; Lymph ; Male ; Males ; Mice ; Mouth ; Mouth - drug effects ; Mouth - pathology ; Mouth Neoplasms - chemically induced ; Mouth Neoplasms - pathology ; Neoplasia ; Neoplasms ; Physiological aspects ; Potable water ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Risk factors ; Sodium ; Toxicity ; Water consumption</subject><ispartof>Environmental health perspectives, 2009-05, Vol.117 (5), p.716-722</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2009 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</rights><rights>Copyright National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences May 2009</rights><rights>2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c764t-e443ce8da722cf250940014618040718545ff48c9c5e354e605e8377ebbed73f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c764t-e443ce8da722cf250940014618040718545ff48c9c5e354e605e8377ebbed73f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25479017$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/25479017$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27903,27904,53769,53771,58216,58449</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19479012$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Stout, Matthew D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herbert, Ronald A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kissling, Grace E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Collins, Bradley J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Travlos, Gregory S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Witt, Kristine L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Melnick, Ronald L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdo, Kamal M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malarkey, David E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hooth, Michelle J.</creatorcontrib><title>Hexavalent Chromium Is Carcinogenic to F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice after Chronic Oral Exposure</title><title>Environmental health perspectives</title><addtitle>Environ Health Perspect</addtitle><description>Background: Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a human carcinogen after inhalation exposure. Humans also ingest Cr(VI) from contaminated drinking water and soil; however, limited data exist on the oral toxicity and carcinogenicity of Cr(VI). Objective: We characterized the chronic oral toxicity and carcinogenicity of Cr(VI) in rodents. Methods: The National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted 2-year drinking water studies of Cr(VI) (as sodium dichromate dihydrate) in male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. Results: Cr(VI) exposure resulted in increased incidences of rare neoplasms of the squamous epithelium that lines the oral cavity (oral mucosa and tongue) in male and female rats, and of the epithelium lining the small intestine in male and female mice. Cr(VI) exposure did not affect survival but resulted in reduced mean body weights and water consumption, due at least in part to poor palatability of the dosed water. Cr(VI) exposure resulted in transient microcytic hypochromic anemia in rats and microcytosis in mice. Nonneoplastic lesions included diffuse epithelial hyperplasia in the duodenum and jejunum of mice and histiocytic cell infiltration in the duodenum, liver, and mesenteric and pancreatic lymph nodes of rats and mice. 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Humans also ingest Cr(VI) from contaminated drinking water and soil; however, limited data exist on the oral toxicity and carcinogenicity of Cr(VI). Objective: We characterized the chronic oral toxicity and carcinogenicity of Cr(VI) in rodents. Methods: The National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted 2-year drinking water studies of Cr(VI) (as sodium dichromate dihydrate) in male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. Results: Cr(VI) exposure resulted in increased incidences of rare neoplasms of the squamous epithelium that lines the oral cavity (oral mucosa and tongue) in male and female rats, and of the epithelium lining the small intestine in male and female mice. Cr(VI) exposure did not affect survival but resulted in reduced mean body weights and water consumption, due at least in part to poor palatability of the dosed water. Cr(VI) exposure resulted in transient microcytic hypochromic anemia in rats and microcytosis in mice. Nonneoplastic lesions included diffuse epithelial hyperplasia in the duodenum and jejunum of mice and histiocytic cell infiltration in the duodenum, liver, and mesenteric and pancreatic lymph nodes of rats and mice. Conclusions: Cr(VI) was carcinogenic after administration in drinking water to male and female rats and mice.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. National Institutes of Health. Department of Health and Human Services</pub><pmid>19479012</pmid><doi>10.1289/ehp.0800208</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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ispartof Environmental health perspectives, 2009-05, Vol.117 (5), p.716-722
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language eng
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source JSTOR Archival Journals and Primary Sources Collection; EBSCOhost GreenFile; PubMed Central
subjects Adenoma
Administration, Oral
Animals
Carcinogenesis
Carcinogenicity
Carcinogens
Carcinogens - administration & dosage
Carcinogens - toxicity
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - chemically induced
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - pathology
Chemical hazards
Chromates
Chromium
Chromium - administration & dosage
Chromium - toxicity
Chromium compounds
Contamination
Diffusion
Dosage
Drinking water
Duodenum
Environmental aspects
Epithelium
Female
Females
Health
Hexavalent chromium
Human
Infiltration
Lymph
Male
Males
Mice
Mouth
Mouth - drug effects
Mouth - pathology
Mouth Neoplasms - chemically induced
Mouth Neoplasms - pathology
Neoplasia
Neoplasms
Physiological aspects
Potable water
Rats
Rats, Inbred F344
Risk factors
Sodium
Toxicity
Water consumption
title Hexavalent Chromium Is Carcinogenic to F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice after Chronic Oral Exposure
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