Delivering post-rape care services: Kenya's experience in developing integrated services

• Published in: Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2009-07, Vol.87 (7), p.555-559
• Main Authors: KILONZO, N, THEOBALD, S. J, NYAMATO, E, AJEMA, C, MUCHELA, H, KIBARU, J, ROGENA, E, TAEGTMEYER, M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Biological and medical sciences; Cooperative Behavior; Counseling; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; Disease prevention; Documentation; Female; General aspects; Health facilities; Health Services Needs and Demand; HIV; Hospitals; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Kenya; Laboratories; Lessons from the Field; Male; Medical referrals; Medical sciences; Medical tests; Miscellaneous; Models, Organizational; Organizational Case Studies; Pediatrics; Program Development; Public health. Hygiene; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine; Rape; Reproductive health; Sexually transmitted diseases; STD; Survivors; Trauma; Violence
• ISSN: 0042-9686; 1564-0604
• DOI: 10.2471/BLT.08.052340

Comprehensive service delivery models for providing post-rape care are largely from resource-rich countries and do not translate easily to resource-limited settings such as Kenya, despite an identified need and high rates of sexual violence and HIV. Starting in 2002, we undertook to work through existing governmental structures to establish and sustain health sector services for survivors of sexual violence. In 2003 there was a lack of policy, coordination and service delivery mechanisms for post-rape care services in Kenya. Post-exposure prophylaxis against HIV infection was not offered. A standard of care and a simple post-rape care systems algorithm were designed. A counselling protocol was developed. Targeted training that was knowledge-, skills- and values-based was provided to clinicians, laboratory personnel and trauma counsellors. The standard of care included clinical evaluation and documentation, clinical management, counselling and referral mechanisms. Between early 2004 and the end of 2007, a total of 784 survivors were seen in the three centres at an average cost of US$ 27, with numbers increasing each year. Almost half (43%) of these were children less than 15 years of age. This paper describes how multisectoral teams at district level in Kenya agreed that they would provide post-exposure prophylaxis, physical examination, sexually transmitted infection and pregnancy prevention services. These services were provided at casualty departments as well as through voluntary HIV counselling and testing sites. The paper outlines which considerations they took into account, who accessed the services and how the lessons learned were translated into national policy and the scale-up of post-rape care services through the key involvement of the Division of Reproductive Health.