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Evolution of fruit and seed characters in the Diervilla and Lonicera clades (Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacales)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Diervilla and Lonicera clades are members of the family Caprifoliaceae (Dipsacales sensu Donoghue et al., 2001, Harvard Papers in Botany 6: 459-479). So far, the intergeneric relationships of the Lonicera clade and the systematic position of Heptacodium remain equivocal. By...
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Published in: | Annals of botany 2009-08, Vol.104 (2), p.253-276 |
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description | BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Diervilla and Lonicera clades are members of the family Caprifoliaceae (Dipsacales sensu Donoghue et al., 2001, Harvard Papers in Botany 6: 459-479). So far, the intergeneric relationships of the Lonicera clade and the systematic position of Heptacodium remain equivocal. By studying fruit and seed morphology and anatomy, an attempt is made to clarify these issues. In addition, this study deals with the evolution of fruit and seed characters of the Diervilla and Lonicera clades with reference to allied taxa. METHODS: Light and scanning electron microscopy were used for the morphological and anatomical investigations. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out by applying the parsimony and Bayesian inference optimality criteria. Character evolution was studied by means of parsimony optimization and stochastic character mapping. KEY RESULTS: Diervilla and Weigela (Diervilla clade) are characterized by several unique traits in Dipsacales, including capsules with numerous seeds, seed coats without sclerified outer tangential exotestal cell walls, and dehiscent fruits. Seeds with completely sclerified exotestal cells and fleshy fruits characterize the Lonicera clade. Leycesteria and Lonicera have berries, ovaries without sterile carpels and several seeds per locule, whereas Symphoricarpos and Triosteum have drupes, ovaries with one or two sterile carpels and a single seed per locule. Heptacodium shares several characteristics with members of the Linnina clade, e.g. achenes, single-seeded fruits and a compressed, parenchymatous seed coat. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the monophyly of the Diervilla and Lonicera clades and allow us to hypothesize a close relationship between Leycesteria and Lonicera and between Symphoricarpos and Triosteum. Fruit and seed morphology and anatomy point to a sister relationship of Heptacodium with the Linnina clade, rather than with the Lonicera clade. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1093/aob/mcp131 |
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So far, the intergeneric relationships of the Lonicera clade and the systematic position of Heptacodium remain equivocal. By studying fruit and seed morphology and anatomy, an attempt is made to clarify these issues. In addition, this study deals with the evolution of fruit and seed characters of the Diervilla and Lonicera clades with reference to allied taxa. METHODS: Light and scanning electron microscopy were used for the morphological and anatomical investigations. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out by applying the parsimony and Bayesian inference optimality criteria. Character evolution was studied by means of parsimony optimization and stochastic character mapping. KEY RESULTS: Diervilla and Weigela (Diervilla clade) are characterized by several unique traits in Dipsacales, including capsules with numerous seeds, seed coats without sclerified outer tangential exotestal cell walls, and dehiscent fruits. Seeds with completely sclerified exotestal cells and fleshy fruits characterize the Lonicera clade. Leycesteria and Lonicera have berries, ovaries without sterile carpels and several seeds per locule, whereas Symphoricarpos and Triosteum have drupes, ovaries with one or two sterile carpels and a single seed per locule. Heptacodium shares several characteristics with members of the Linnina clade, e.g. achenes, single-seeded fruits and a compressed, parenchymatous seed coat. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the monophyly of the Diervilla and Lonicera clades and allow us to hypothesize a close relationship between Leycesteria and Lonicera and between Symphoricarpos and Triosteum. Fruit and seed morphology and anatomy point to a sister relationship of Heptacodium with the Linnina clade, rather than with the Lonicera clade.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0305-7364</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1095-8290</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-8290</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp131</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19502353</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Biological Evolution ; Botanical gardens ; Caprifoliaceae ; Caprifoliaceae - anatomy & histology ; Caprifoliaceae - classification ; Caprifoliaceae - ultrastructure ; Carpels ; Cell walls ; Diervilla ; Dipsacales ; Embryos ; Endocarp ; Endosperm ; Evolution ; fruit ; Fruit - anatomy & histology ; Fruit - ultrastructure ; Fruits ; Heptacodium ; Leycesteria ; Lonicera ; Lonicera - anatomy & histology ; Lonicera - classification ; Lonicera - ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Original ; Phylogeny ; seed ; Seeds ; Seeds - anatomy & histology ; Seeds - ultrastructure ; Symphoricarpos ; Testa ; Triosteum ; Weigela</subject><ispartof>Annals of botany, 2009-08, Vol.104 (2), p.253-276</ispartof><rights>Annals of Botany Company 2009</rights><rights>(c) Naturalis</rights><rights>The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c556t-5254220b8ccd08f8c1552de280eec6c4b387f5e6d2f100a29852a247ef90d0bc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c556t-5254220b8ccd08f8c1552de280eec6c4b387f5e6d2f100a29852a247ef90d0bc3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/43576659$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/43576659$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793,58238,58471</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19502353$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jacobs, Bart</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lens, Frederic</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smets, Erik</creatorcontrib><title>Evolution of fruit and seed characters in the Diervilla and Lonicera clades (Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacales)</title><title>Annals of botany</title><addtitle>Ann Bot</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Diervilla and Lonicera clades are members of the family Caprifoliaceae (Dipsacales sensu Donoghue et al., 2001, Harvard Papers in Botany 6: 459-479). So far, the intergeneric relationships of the Lonicera clade and the systematic position of Heptacodium remain equivocal. By studying fruit and seed morphology and anatomy, an attempt is made to clarify these issues. In addition, this study deals with the evolution of fruit and seed characters of the Diervilla and Lonicera clades with reference to allied taxa. METHODS: Light and scanning electron microscopy were used for the morphological and anatomical investigations. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out by applying the parsimony and Bayesian inference optimality criteria. Character evolution was studied by means of parsimony optimization and stochastic character mapping. KEY RESULTS: Diervilla and Weigela (Diervilla clade) are characterized by several unique traits in Dipsacales, including capsules with numerous seeds, seed coats without sclerified outer tangential exotestal cell walls, and dehiscent fruits. Seeds with completely sclerified exotestal cells and fleshy fruits characterize the Lonicera clade. Leycesteria and Lonicera have berries, ovaries without sterile carpels and several seeds per locule, whereas Symphoricarpos and Triosteum have drupes, ovaries with one or two sterile carpels and a single seed per locule. Heptacodium shares several characteristics with members of the Linnina clade, e.g. achenes, single-seeded fruits and a compressed, parenchymatous seed coat. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the monophyly of the Diervilla and Lonicera clades and allow us to hypothesize a close relationship between Leycesteria and Lonicera and between Symphoricarpos and Triosteum. Fruit and seed morphology and anatomy point to a sister relationship of Heptacodium with the Linnina clade, rather than with the Lonicera clade.</description><subject>Biological Evolution</subject><subject>Botanical gardens</subject><subject>Caprifoliaceae</subject><subject>Caprifoliaceae - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Caprifoliaceae - classification</subject><subject>Caprifoliaceae - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Carpels</subject><subject>Cell walls</subject><subject>Diervilla</subject><subject>Dipsacales</subject><subject>Embryos</subject><subject>Endocarp</subject><subject>Endosperm</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>fruit</subject><subject>Fruit - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Fruit - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Fruits</subject><subject>Heptacodium</subject><subject>Leycesteria</subject><subject>Lonicera</subject><subject>Lonicera - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Lonicera - classification</subject><subject>Lonicera - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Microscopy, Electron, Scanning</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>seed</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Seeds - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Seeds - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Symphoricarpos</subject><subject>Testa</subject><subject>Triosteum</subject><subject>Weigela</subject><issn>0305-7364</issn><issn>1095-8290</issn><issn>1095-8290</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqF0cGO0zAQBuAIgdiycOEORBwQIMKO7ThxLkiou2yRquUAKyEu1tSZbF3SuNhJBW-PS6qW5cLJ0vjTb89Mkjxm8JZBJc7QLc7WZsMEu5NMYkVmildwN5mAAJmVoshPkgchrACAFxW7n5ywSgIXUkyS5cXWtUNvXZe6Jm38YPsUuzoNRHVqlujR9ORDaru0X1J6bslvbdviHzR3nTXkMTUt1hTSl1PceNu41qIhpDeRbwIabCm8epjca7AN9Gh_nibXHy6-TGfZ_NPlx-n7eWakLPpMcplzDgtlTA2qUYZJyWviCohMYfKFUGUjqah5wwCQV0py5HlJTQU1LIw4Td6NuZthsabaUNd7bHX81xr9L-3Q6ts3nV3qG7fVvGSgKogBL_YB3v0YKPR6bYOh2HNHbgi6KPOooPgv5DEujy7C5__AlRt8F6egd4uQFfDds69HZLwLwVNz-DIDvVuzjmvW45ojfvp3k0e632sE2Qg67IfYpQ23JnCs5pwpmUf_ZPSr0Dt_sLmQZVHI6phnQ08_D_fov8d5iFLq2ddvOr-6vBKzqdDn0T8bfYNO442PL11_5sAEsEJKxZT4DYAO1sQ</recordid><startdate>20090801</startdate><enddate>20090801</enddate><creator>Jacobs, Bart</creator><creator>Lens, Frederic</creator><creator>Smets, Erik</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><general>Oxford Publishing Limited (England)</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>0XE</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090801</creationdate><title>Evolution of fruit and seed characters in the Diervilla and Lonicera clades (Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacales)</title><author>Jacobs, Bart ; Lens, Frederic ; Smets, Erik</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c556t-5254220b8ccd08f8c1552de280eec6c4b387f5e6d2f100a29852a247ef90d0bc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Biological Evolution</topic><topic>Botanical gardens</topic><topic>Caprifoliaceae</topic><topic>Caprifoliaceae - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Caprifoliaceae - classification</topic><topic>Caprifoliaceae - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Carpels</topic><topic>Cell walls</topic><topic>Diervilla</topic><topic>Dipsacales</topic><topic>Embryos</topic><topic>Endocarp</topic><topic>Endosperm</topic><topic>Evolution</topic><topic>fruit</topic><topic>Fruit - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Fruit - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Fruits</topic><topic>Heptacodium</topic><topic>Leycesteria</topic><topic>Lonicera</topic><topic>Lonicera - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Lonicera - classification</topic><topic>Lonicera - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Microscopy, Electron, Scanning</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>seed</topic><topic>Seeds</topic><topic>Seeds - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Seeds - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Symphoricarpos</topic><topic>Testa</topic><topic>Triosteum</topic><topic>Weigela</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jacobs, Bart</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lens, Frederic</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smets, Erik</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Naturalis Biodiversity Center</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Annals of botany</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jacobs, Bart</au><au>Lens, Frederic</au><au>Smets, Erik</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evolution of fruit and seed characters in the Diervilla and Lonicera clades (Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacales)</atitle><jtitle>Annals of botany</jtitle><addtitle>Ann Bot</addtitle><date>2009-08-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>104</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>253</spage><epage>276</epage><pages>253-276</pages><issn>0305-7364</issn><issn>1095-8290</issn><eissn>1095-8290</eissn><abstract>BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Diervilla and Lonicera clades are members of the family Caprifoliaceae (Dipsacales sensu Donoghue et al., 2001, Harvard Papers in Botany 6: 459-479). So far, the intergeneric relationships of the Lonicera clade and the systematic position of Heptacodium remain equivocal. By studying fruit and seed morphology and anatomy, an attempt is made to clarify these issues. In addition, this study deals with the evolution of fruit and seed characters of the Diervilla and Lonicera clades with reference to allied taxa. METHODS: Light and scanning electron microscopy were used for the morphological and anatomical investigations. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out by applying the parsimony and Bayesian inference optimality criteria. Character evolution was studied by means of parsimony optimization and stochastic character mapping. KEY RESULTS: Diervilla and Weigela (Diervilla clade) are characterized by several unique traits in Dipsacales, including capsules with numerous seeds, seed coats without sclerified outer tangential exotestal cell walls, and dehiscent fruits. Seeds with completely sclerified exotestal cells and fleshy fruits characterize the Lonicera clade. Leycesteria and Lonicera have berries, ovaries without sterile carpels and several seeds per locule, whereas Symphoricarpos and Triosteum have drupes, ovaries with one or two sterile carpels and a single seed per locule. Heptacodium shares several characteristics with members of the Linnina clade, e.g. achenes, single-seeded fruits and a compressed, parenchymatous seed coat. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the monophyly of the Diervilla and Lonicera clades and allow us to hypothesize a close relationship between Leycesteria and Lonicera and between Symphoricarpos and Triosteum. Fruit and seed morphology and anatomy point to a sister relationship of Heptacodium with the Linnina clade, rather than with the Lonicera clade.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>19502353</pmid><doi>10.1093/aob/mcp131</doi><tpages>24</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Biological Evolution Botanical gardens Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae - anatomy & histology Caprifoliaceae - classification Caprifoliaceae - ultrastructure Carpels Cell walls Diervilla Dipsacales Embryos Endocarp Endosperm Evolution fruit Fruit - anatomy & histology Fruit - ultrastructure Fruits Heptacodium Leycesteria Lonicera Lonicera - anatomy & histology Lonicera - classification Lonicera - ultrastructure Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Original Phylogeny seed Seeds Seeds - anatomy & histology Seeds - ultrastructure Symphoricarpos Testa Triosteum Weigela |
title | Evolution of fruit and seed characters in the Diervilla and Lonicera clades (Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacales) |
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