A Systematic Evaluation of Factors Associated With Nocturia—The Population-based FINNO Study

• Published in: American journal of epidemiology 2009-08, Vol.170 (3), p.361-368
• Main Authors: Tikkinen, Kari A. O., Auvinen, Anssi, Johnson, Theodore M., Weiss, Jeffrey P., Keränen, Tapani, Tiitinen, Aila, Polo, Olli, Partinen, Markku, Tammela, Teuvo L. J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Analysis. Health state; Antidepressive Agents - adverse effects; Biological and medical sciences; Body Mass Index; Cardiology. Vascular system; Case-Control Studies; coronary artery disease; Coronary Artery Disease - complications; Coronary Artery Disease - epidemiology; Coronary heart disease; Diabetes Complications - epidemiology; diabetes mellitus; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases); Endocrinopathies; Epidemiology; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance; Female; Finland - epidemiology; General aspects; Heart; Humans; Life Style; Male; Medical disorders; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases; Nocturia - epidemiology; Nocturia - etiology; obesity; Obesity - complications; Obesity - epidemiology; Original Contributions; overactive; Overweight - complications; Overweight - epidemiology; Prevalence; prostatic hyperplasia; Prostatic Hyperplasia - complications; Prostatic Hyperplasia - epidemiology; prostatic neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms - complications; Prostatic Neoplasms - epidemiology; Public health. Hygiene; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine; Restless Legs Syndrome - complications; Restless Legs Syndrome - epidemiology; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sampling Studies; sleep disorders; Snoring - complications; Snoring - epidemiology; Surveys and Questionnaires; urinary bladder; Urinary Bladder, Overactive - epidemiology; Urinary Bladder, Overactive - etiology; Urinary system involvement in other diseases. Miscellaneous; Urinary tract. Prostate gland
• ISSN: 0002-9262; 1476-6256
• DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwp133

In a case-control study with prevalence sampling, the authors explored the correlates for nocturia and their population-level impact. In 2003–2004, questionnaires were mailed to 6,000 subjects (aged 18–79 years) randomly identified from the Finnish Population Register (62.4% participated; 53.7% were female). Questionnaires contained items on medical conditions, medications, lifestyle, sociodemographic and reproductive factors, urinary symptoms, and snoring. Nocturia was defined as ≥2 voids/night. In age-adjusted analyses, factors associated with nocturia were entered into a multivariate model. Backward elimination was used to select variables for the final model, with adjustment for confounding. Although numerous correlates were identified, none affected ≥50% of nocturia cases of both sexes. The factors with the greatest impact at the population level were (urinary) urgency (attributable number/1,000 subjects (AN) = 24), benign prostatic hyperplasia (AN = 19), and snoring (AN = 16) for men and overweight and obesity (AN = 40), urgency (AN = 24), and snoring (AN = 17) for women. Moreover, correlates included prostate cancer and antidepressant use for men, coronary artery disease and diabetes for women, and restless legs syndrome and obesity for both sexes. Although several correlates were identified, none accounted for a substantial proportion of the population burden, highlighting the multifactorial etiology of nocturia.