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The extent of genetic diversity of Epstein-Barr virus and its geographic and disease patterns: A need for reappraisal
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous, gamma-1 lymphotrophic virus etiologically linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), endemic to Southern China, and Burkitt lymphoma (BL), endemic to equatorial Africa, both of which are rare elsewhere in the world. Why EBV is associated with different malign...
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| Published in: | Virus research 2009-08, Vol.143 (2), p.209-221 |
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| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c566t-e62498468ddef7d1a60b9f9dc388b8360de349a133c40171b61404d6ea56cb113 |
| container_end_page | 221 |
| container_issue | 2 |
| container_start_page | 209 |
| container_title | Virus research |
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| creator | Chang, Cindy M. Yu, Kelly J. Mbulaiteye, Sam M. Hildesheim, Allan Bhatia, Kishor |
| description | Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous, gamma-1 lymphotrophic virus etiologically linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), endemic to Southern China, and Burkitt lymphoma (BL), endemic to equatorial Africa, both of which are rare elsewhere in the world. Why EBV is associated with different malignancies in different geographic regions remains puzzling and may be related to EBV genotypic variability through specific disease and geographic associations. We review the literature on sequence variation in EBV genes, focusing on LMP-1, EBNA-1, and BZLF-1 and their distribution by geography and disease. Given the limitations of current studies, definitive conclusions regarding the link between EBV genotypes, disease and geography are not possible. We suggest that the true extent of EBV diversity is likely to be greater than is currently recognized. Additional studies conducted in carefully selected populations, that are sufficiently powered to provide robust estimates, and that utilize testing approaches that permit full characterization of viral diversity are needed to further our understanding of patterns of EBV genetic variation and their association with malignancies in different regions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.07.005 |
| format | article |
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Why EBV is associated with different malignancies in different geographic regions remains puzzling and may be related to EBV genotypic variability through specific disease and geographic associations. We review the literature on sequence variation in EBV genes, focusing on LMP-1, EBNA-1, and BZLF-1 and their distribution by geography and disease. Given the limitations of current studies, definitive conclusions regarding the link between EBV genotypes, disease and geography are not possible. We suggest that the true extent of EBV diversity is likely to be greater than is currently recognized. Additional studies conducted in carefully selected populations, that are sufficiently powered to provide robust estimates, and that utilize testing approaches that permit full characterization of viral diversity are needed to further our understanding of patterns of EBV genetic variation and their association with malignancies in different regions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0168-1702</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-7492</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.07.005</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19596032</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>30 bp deletion ; Africa - epidemiology ; B98-5 ; Burkitt Lymphoma - epidemiology ; Burkitt Lymphoma - virology ; BZLF1 ; Carcinoma - epidemiology ; Carcinoma - virology ; China - epidemiology ; EBNA1 ; EBV ; EBV types 1 and 2 ; Epstein-Barr virus ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections - complications ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections - epidemiology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections - virology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens - genetics ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Genotypes ; Geography ; Herpesvirus 4, Human - classification ; Herpesvirus 4, Human - genetics ; Humans ; LMP1 ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms - virology ; Strain variation ; Trans-Activators - genetics ; Variants ; Viral Matrix Proteins - genetics ; XhoI loss</subject><ispartof>Virus research, 2009-08, Vol.143 (2), p.209-221</ispartof><rights>2009 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c566t-e62498468ddef7d1a60b9f9dc388b8360de349a133c40171b61404d6ea56cb113</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c566t-e62498468ddef7d1a60b9f9dc388b8360de349a133c40171b61404d6ea56cb113</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27900,27901</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19596032$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chang, Cindy M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Kelly J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mbulaiteye, Sam M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hildesheim, Allan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhatia, Kishor</creatorcontrib><title>The extent of genetic diversity of Epstein-Barr virus and its geographic and disease patterns: A need for reappraisal</title><title>Virus research</title><addtitle>Virus Res</addtitle><description>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous, gamma-1 lymphotrophic virus etiologically linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), endemic to Southern China, and Burkitt lymphoma (BL), endemic to equatorial Africa, both of which are rare elsewhere in the world. Why EBV is associated with different malignancies in different geographic regions remains puzzling and may be related to EBV genotypic variability through specific disease and geographic associations. We review the literature on sequence variation in EBV genes, focusing on LMP-1, EBNA-1, and BZLF-1 and their distribution by geography and disease. Given the limitations of current studies, definitive conclusions regarding the link between EBV genotypes, disease and geography are not possible. We suggest that the true extent of EBV diversity is likely to be greater than is currently recognized. Additional studies conducted in carefully selected populations, that are sufficiently powered to provide robust estimates, and that utilize testing approaches that permit full characterization of viral diversity are needed to further our understanding of patterns of EBV genetic variation and their association with malignancies in different regions.</description><subject>30 bp deletion</subject><subject>Africa - epidemiology</subject><subject>B98-5</subject><subject>Burkitt Lymphoma - epidemiology</subject><subject>Burkitt Lymphoma - virology</subject><subject>BZLF1</subject><subject>Carcinoma - epidemiology</subject><subject>Carcinoma - virology</subject><subject>China - epidemiology</subject><subject>EBNA1</subject><subject>EBV</subject><subject>EBV types 1 and 2</subject><subject>Epstein-Barr virus</subject><subject>Epstein-Barr Virus Infections - complications</subject><subject>Epstein-Barr Virus Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Epstein-Barr Virus Infections - virology</subject><subject>Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens - genetics</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Genetic Variation</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Genotypes</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Herpesvirus 4, Human - classification</subject><subject>Herpesvirus 4, Human - genetics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>LMP1</subject><subject>Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms - epidemiology</subject><subject>Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms - virology</subject><subject>Strain variation</subject><subject>Trans-Activators - genetics</subject><subject>Variants</subject><subject>Viral Matrix Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>XhoI loss</subject><issn>0168-1702</issn><issn>1872-7492</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkU1v1DAQhi0EokvhL1Q-cUsYx1k75oAoVfmQKnEpZ8uxJ7teZZ1gOyv67_Gyy9epJ0vj553x-CHkikHNgIk3u_rg45IiproBUDXIGmD9hKxYJ5tKtqp5SlYF7ComobkgL1LaAYDgUjwnF0ytlQDerMhyv0WKPzKGTKeBbjBg9pY6f8CYfH44Fm_nlNGH6oOJkf4aS01w1OdU-GkTzbwtkWPJ-YQmIZ1NzhhDekuvaUB0dJgijWjmORqfzPiSPBvMmPDV-bwk3z7e3t98ru6-fvpyc31X2bUQuULRtKprReccDtIxI6BXg3KWd13fcQEOeasM49y2wCTrBWuhdQLNWtieMX5J3p36zku_R2fLltGMeo5-b-KDnozX_98Ev9Wb6aAbyRmALA1enxvE6fuCKeu9TxbH0QSclqSFFACN4I-CDQillGgLKE6gjVMq_oY_r2Ggj2r1Tv9Wq49qNUhd1Jbg1b-7_I2dXRbg_QnA8qMHj1En6zFYdD6izdpN_rEZPwHJtLt0</recordid><startdate>20090801</startdate><enddate>20090801</enddate><creator>Chang, Cindy M.</creator><creator>Yu, Kelly J.</creator><creator>Mbulaiteye, Sam M.</creator><creator>Hildesheim, Allan</creator><creator>Bhatia, Kishor</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090801</creationdate><title>The extent of genetic diversity of Epstein-Barr virus and its geographic and disease patterns: A need for reappraisal</title><author>Chang, Cindy M. ; Yu, Kelly J. ; Mbulaiteye, Sam M. ; Hildesheim, Allan ; Bhatia, Kishor</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c566t-e62498468ddef7d1a60b9f9dc388b8360de349a133c40171b61404d6ea56cb113</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>30 bp deletion</topic><topic>Africa - epidemiology</topic><topic>B98-5</topic><topic>Burkitt Lymphoma - epidemiology</topic><topic>Burkitt Lymphoma - virology</topic><topic>BZLF1</topic><topic>Carcinoma - epidemiology</topic><topic>Carcinoma - virology</topic><topic>China - epidemiology</topic><topic>EBNA1</topic><topic>EBV</topic><topic>EBV types 1 and 2</topic><topic>Epstein-Barr virus</topic><topic>Epstein-Barr Virus Infections - complications</topic><topic>Epstein-Barr Virus Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Epstein-Barr Virus Infections - virology</topic><topic>Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens - genetics</topic><topic>Genetic diversity</topic><topic>Genetic Variation</topic><topic>Genotype</topic><topic>Genotypes</topic><topic>Geography</topic><topic>Herpesvirus 4, Human - classification</topic><topic>Herpesvirus 4, Human - genetics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>LMP1</topic><topic>Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms - epidemiology</topic><topic>Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms - virology</topic><topic>Strain variation</topic><topic>Trans-Activators - genetics</topic><topic>Variants</topic><topic>Viral Matrix Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>XhoI loss</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chang, Cindy M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Kelly J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mbulaiteye, Sam M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hildesheim, Allan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhatia, Kishor</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Virus research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chang, Cindy M.</au><au>Yu, Kelly J.</au><au>Mbulaiteye, Sam M.</au><au>Hildesheim, Allan</au><au>Bhatia, Kishor</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The extent of genetic diversity of Epstein-Barr virus and its geographic and disease patterns: A need for reappraisal</atitle><jtitle>Virus research</jtitle><addtitle>Virus Res</addtitle><date>2009-08-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>143</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>209</spage><epage>221</epage><pages>209-221</pages><issn>0168-1702</issn><eissn>1872-7492</eissn><abstract>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous, gamma-1 lymphotrophic virus etiologically linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), endemic to Southern China, and Burkitt lymphoma (BL), endemic to equatorial Africa, both of which are rare elsewhere in the world. 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| ispartof | Virus research, 2009-08, Vol.143 (2), p.209-221 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | 30 bp deletion Africa - epidemiology B98-5 Burkitt Lymphoma - epidemiology Burkitt Lymphoma - virology BZLF1 Carcinoma - epidemiology Carcinoma - virology China - epidemiology EBNA1 EBV EBV types 1 and 2 Epstein-Barr virus Epstein-Barr Virus Infections - complications Epstein-Barr Virus Infections - epidemiology Epstein-Barr Virus Infections - virology Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens - genetics Genetic diversity Genetic Variation Genotype Genotypes Geography Herpesvirus 4, Human - classification Herpesvirus 4, Human - genetics Humans LMP1 Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms - epidemiology Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms - virology Strain variation Trans-Activators - genetics Variants Viral Matrix Proteins - genetics XhoI loss |
| title | The extent of genetic diversity of Epstein-Barr virus and its geographic and disease patterns: A need for reappraisal |
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