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Contextual fear conditioning differs for infant, adolescent, and adult rats
Contextual fear conditioning was tested in infant, adolescent, and adult rats in terms of Pavlovian-conditioned suppression. When a discrete auditory-conditioned stimulus (CS) was paired with footshock (unconditioned stimulus, US) within the largely olfactory context, infants and adolescents conditi...
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Published in: | Behavioural processes 2008-07, Vol.78 (3), p.340-350 |
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description | Contextual fear conditioning was tested in infant, adolescent, and adult rats in terms of Pavlovian-conditioned suppression. When a discrete auditory-conditioned stimulus (CS) was paired with footshock (unconditioned stimulus, US) within the largely olfactory context, infants and adolescents conditioned to the context with substantial effectiveness, but adult rats did not. When unpaired presentations of the CS and US occurred within the context, contextual fear conditioning was strong for adults, weak for infants, but about as strong for adolescents as when pairings of CS and US occurred in the context. Nonreinforced presentations of either the CS or context markedly reduced contextual fear conditioning in infants, but, in adolescents, CS extinction had no effect on contextual fear conditioning, although context extinction significantly reduced it. Neither CS extinction nor context extinction affected responding to the CS–context compound in infants, suggesting striking discrimination between the compound and its components. Female adolescents showed the same lack of effect of component extinction on response to the compound as infants, but CS extinction reduced responding to the compound in adolescent males, a sex difference seen also in adults. Theoretical implications are discussed for the development of perceptual-cognitive processing and hippocampus role. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.beproc.2008.01.010 |
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When a discrete auditory-conditioned stimulus (CS) was paired with footshock (unconditioned stimulus, US) within the largely olfactory context, infants and adolescents conditioned to the context with substantial effectiveness, but adult rats did not. When unpaired presentations of the CS and US occurred within the context, contextual fear conditioning was strong for adults, weak for infants, but about as strong for adolescents as when pairings of CS and US occurred in the context. Nonreinforced presentations of either the CS or context markedly reduced contextual fear conditioning in infants, but, in adolescents, CS extinction had no effect on contextual fear conditioning, although context extinction significantly reduced it. Neither CS extinction nor context extinction affected responding to the CS–context compound in infants, suggesting striking discrimination between the compound and its components. Female adolescents showed the same lack of effect of component extinction on response to the compound as infants, but CS extinction reduced responding to the compound in adolescent males, a sex difference seen also in adults. 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When a discrete auditory-conditioned stimulus (CS) was paired with footshock (unconditioned stimulus, US) within the largely olfactory context, infants and adolescents conditioned to the context with substantial effectiveness, but adult rats did not. When unpaired presentations of the CS and US occurred within the context, contextual fear conditioning was strong for adults, weak for infants, but about as strong for adolescents as when pairings of CS and US occurred in the context. Nonreinforced presentations of either the CS or context markedly reduced contextual fear conditioning in infants, but, in adolescents, CS extinction had no effect on contextual fear conditioning, although context extinction significantly reduced it. Neither CS extinction nor context extinction affected responding to the CS–context compound in infants, suggesting striking discrimination between the compound and its components. Female adolescents showed the same lack of effect of component extinction on response to the compound as infants, but CS extinction reduced responding to the compound in adolescent males, a sex difference seen also in adults. Theoretical implications are discussed for the development of perceptual-cognitive processing and hippocampus role.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Aging - psychology</subject><subject>Animal ethology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Association Learning - physiology</subject><subject>Auditory Perception - physiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cognition - physiology</subject><subject>Conditioning, Classical - physiology</subject><subject>Contextual fear conditioning</subject><subject>Discrimination Learning - physiology</subject><subject>Electroshock - methods</subject><subject>Extinction, Psychological - physiology</subject><subject>Fear - physiology</subject><subject>Fear - psychology</subject><subject>Fear extinction</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Hippocampus</subject><subject>Hippocampus - physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Learning</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mental Recall - physiology</subject><subject>Olfactory context</subject><subject>Ontogeny</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Reflex, Startle - physiology</subject><subject>Reinforcement, Psychology</subject><subject>Sex Characteristics</subject><issn>0376-6357</issn><issn>1872-8308</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkU-LFDEQxYMo7rj6DUT6oid7rCTdSfoiyOA_XPCi51CTVNYMPcmYdC_67e1xhl29KBQkIb96vKrH2FMOaw5cvdqtt3Qo2a0FgFkDXwrusRU3WrRGgrnPViC1apXs9QV7VOsOALgB9ZBdcCM7CZ1ZsU-bnCb6Mc04NoGwNC4nH6eYU0zXjY8hUKlNyKWJKWCaXjbo80jV0e978st7Hqem4FQfswcBx0pPzucl-_ru7ZfNh_bq8_uPmzdXreuNmVrsvKC-HzhXAXGgAUn3gyaFvVZeYxfIo-OSDybonm9VMKKXHWhUQnN08pK9Puke5u2e_NFKwdEeStxj-WkzRvv3T4rf7HW-sUJL3XG1CLw4C5T8faY62X1cJhpHTJTnatUgQEgu_gvyoTOmg24BuxPoSq61ULh1w8Ee47I7e4rLHuOywJeCpe3Zn5PcNZ3zWYDnZwCrwzEUTC7WW06AVIprc7cSWvZ-E6nY6iIlRz4WcpP1Of7byS_Yq7Yq</recordid><startdate>20080701</startdate><enddate>20080701</enddate><creator>Esmorís-Arranz, Francisco J.</creator><creator>Méndez, Cástor</creator><creator>Spear, Norman E.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080701</creationdate><title>Contextual fear conditioning differs for infant, adolescent, and adult rats</title><author>Esmorís-Arranz, Francisco J. ; Méndez, Cástor ; Spear, Norman E.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c588t-a4d2e559116faa9e9ae7597e6a576d7a4fedac13198f751b6f8253407a6271ac3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Aging - psychology</topic><topic>Animal ethology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Association Learning - physiology</topic><topic>Auditory Perception - physiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cognition - physiology</topic><topic>Conditioning, Classical - physiology</topic><topic>Contextual fear conditioning</topic><topic>Discrimination Learning - physiology</topic><topic>Electroshock - methods</topic><topic>Extinction, Psychological - physiology</topic><topic>Fear - physiology</topic><topic>Fear - psychology</topic><topic>Fear extinction</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Hippocampus</topic><topic>Hippocampus - physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Learning</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mental Recall - physiology</topic><topic>Olfactory context</topic><topic>Ontogeny</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Reflex, Startle - physiology</topic><topic>Reinforcement, Psychology</topic><topic>Sex Characteristics</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Esmorís-Arranz, Francisco J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Méndez, Cástor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spear, Norman E.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Behavioural processes</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Esmorís-Arranz, Francisco J.</au><au>Méndez, Cástor</au><au>Spear, Norman E.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Contextual fear conditioning differs for infant, adolescent, and adult rats</atitle><jtitle>Behavioural processes</jtitle><addtitle>Behav Processes</addtitle><date>2008-07-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>78</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>340</spage><epage>350</epage><pages>340-350</pages><issn>0376-6357</issn><eissn>1872-8308</eissn><coden>BPRODA</coden><abstract>Contextual fear conditioning was tested in infant, adolescent, and adult rats in terms of Pavlovian-conditioned suppression. When a discrete auditory-conditioned stimulus (CS) was paired with footshock (unconditioned stimulus, US) within the largely olfactory context, infants and adolescents conditioned to the context with substantial effectiveness, but adult rats did not. When unpaired presentations of the CS and US occurred within the context, contextual fear conditioning was strong for adults, weak for infants, but about as strong for adolescents as when pairings of CS and US occurred in the context. Nonreinforced presentations of either the CS or context markedly reduced contextual fear conditioning in infants, but, in adolescents, CS extinction had no effect on contextual fear conditioning, although context extinction significantly reduced it. Neither CS extinction nor context extinction affected responding to the CS–context compound in infants, suggesting striking discrimination between the compound and its components. 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subjects | Adolescent Adult Age Factors Aging - psychology Animal ethology Animals Association Learning - physiology Auditory Perception - physiology Biological and medical sciences Cognition - physiology Conditioning, Classical - physiology Contextual fear conditioning Discrimination Learning - physiology Electroshock - methods Extinction, Psychological - physiology Fear - physiology Fear - psychology Fear extinction Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hippocampus Hippocampus - physiology Humans Infant Learning Male Mental Recall - physiology Olfactory context Ontogeny Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Reflex, Startle - physiology Reinforcement, Psychology Sex Characteristics |
title | Contextual fear conditioning differs for infant, adolescent, and adult rats |
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