Upregulation of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 expression by HIV-1 in vitro

Co-infections with HIV-1 and the human T leukemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1, HTLV-2) occur frequently, particularly in large metropolitan areas where injection drug use is a shared mode of transmission. Recent evidence suggests that HIV-HTLV co-infections are associated with upregulated HTLV-1/2 v...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of medical virology 2008-03, Vol.80 (3), p.494-500
Main Authors: Roy, Upal, Simpson, Scott A, Mondal, Debasis, Eloby-Childress, Sandra, Winsor, Elsa L, Beilke, Mark A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological and medical sciences
Cell Line
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gene Products, tat - metabolism
HIV-1
HIV-1 - physiology
HTLV-1
HTLV-2
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 - physiology
Human T-lymphotropic virus 2
Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 - physiology
Human viral diseases
Humans
Infectious diseases
Lymphocytes - virology
Medical sciences
Microbiology
Miscellaneous
phorbol esters
Tat protein
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate - pharmacology
Up-Regulation
Viral Core Proteins - metabolism
Viral diseases
Virology
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Summary:Co-infections with HIV-1 and the human T leukemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1, HTLV-2) occur frequently, particularly in large metropolitan areas where injection drug use is a shared mode of transmission. Recent evidence suggests that HIV-HTLV co-infections are associated with upregulated HTLV-1/2 virus expression and disease. An in vitro model of HIV-1 and HTLV-1/2 co-infection was utilized to determine if cell free HIV-1 virions or recombinant HIV-1 Tat protein (200-1,000 ng/ml) upregulated HTLV-1/2 expression and infectivity. Exposure to HIV-1 increased the number of HTLV-1 antigen expressing cells, from 6% at baseline to 12% at 24 hr, and 20% at 120 hr (P < 0.05) post-exposure. A similar, although less robust response was observed in HTLV-2 infected cells. HIV-1 co-localized almost exclusively with HTLV-1/2 positive cells. Exposure to HIV-1 Tat protein (1,000 ng/ml) increased HTLV-1 p19 expression almost twofold by 48 hr, and cells co-stimulated with 10 nM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) showed almost a fourfold increase over baseline. It is concluded that HIV-1 augments HTLV-1/2 infectivity in vitro. The findings also suggest a role for the HIV-1 Tat protein and PMA-inducible cellular factors, in HIV-1 induced HTLV-1/2 antigen expression. J. Med. Virol. 80:494-500, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ISSN:0146-6615
1096-9071
DOI:10.1002/jmv.21089