Interaction of major genes predisposing to hepatocellular carcinoma with genes encoding signal transduction pathways influences tumor phenotype and prognosis

Studies on rodents and humans demonstrate an inherited predisposition to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Analysis of the molecular alterations involved in the acquisition of a phenotype resistant or susceptible to hepatocarcinogenesis showed a deregulation of G1 and S phases in HCC of genetically su...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:World journal of gastroenterology : WJG 2008-11, Vol.14 (43), p.6601-6615
Main Authors: Feo, Francesco, Frau, Maddalena, Pascale, Rosa-Maria
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - diagnosis
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - genetics
Cell Cycle - genetics
Disease Models, Animal
Forkhead Box Protein M1
Forkhead Transcription Factors - genetics
Genetic Predisposition to Disease - genetics
Humans
Liver Neoplasms - diagnosis
Liver Neoplasms - genetics
Mice
Mice, Transgenic
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases - genetics
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - genetics
Phenotype
Prognosis
Rats
Rats, Inbred BN
Rats, Inbred F344
Signal Transduction - genetics
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Summary:Studies on rodents and humans demonstrate an inherited predisposition to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Analysis of the molecular alterations involved in the acquisition of a phenotype resistant or susceptible to hepatocarcinogenesis showed a deregulation of G1 and S phases in HCC of genetically susceptible F344 rats and a G1-S block in lesions of resistant Brown norway (BN) rats. Unrestrained extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity linked to proteasomal degradation of dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), a specific ERK inhibitor, by the CKS1-SKP2 ubiquitin ligase complex occurs in more aggressive HCC of F344 rats and humans. This mechanism is less active in HCC of BN rats and human HCC with better prognosis. Upregulation of iNos cross-talk with IKK/NF-kappaB and RAS/ERK pathways occurs in rodent liver lesions at higher levels in the most aggressive models represented by HCC of F344 rats and c-Myc-TGF-alpha transgenic mice. iNOS, IKK/NF-kappaB, and RAS/ERK upregulation is highest in human HCC with a poorer prognosis and positively correlates with tumor proliferation, genomic instability and microvascularization, and negatively with apoptosis. Thus, cell cycle regulation and the activity of signal transduction pathways seem to be modulated by HCC modifier genes, and differences in their efficiency influence the susceptibility to hepatocarcinogenesis and probably the prognosis of human HCC.
ISSN:1007-9327
DOI:10.3748/wjg.14.6601