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Regulatory T cells and inhibitory cytokines in autoimmunity

Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs ) contribute significantly to the maintenance of peripheral tolerance, but they ultimately fail in autoimmune diseases. The events that lead to Treg failure in controlling autoreactive effector T cells (Teffs ) during autoimmunity are not completely understood. In th...

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Published in:	Current opinion in immunology 2009-12, Vol.21 (6), p.612-618
Main Authors:	Bettini, Maria, Vignali, Dario AA
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	Allergy and Immunology Animals Autoimmunity Cytokines - immunology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - immunology Humans Multiple Sclerosis - immunology T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - cytology T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - immunology
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description	Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs ) contribute significantly to the maintenance of peripheral tolerance, but they ultimately fail in autoimmune diseases. The events that lead to Treg failure in controlling autoreactive effector T cells (Teffs ) during autoimmunity are not completely understood. In this review, we discuss possible mechanisms for this subversion as they relate to type 1 diabetes (T1D) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent studies emphasize firstly, the role of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, in inhibiting or subverting Treg function; secondly, the issue of Treg plasticity; thirdly, the possible resistance of autoimmune T cells to Treg -mediated control; and fourthly, Treg -associated inhibitory cytokines TGFβ, IL-10 and IL-35 in facilitating Treg suppressive activity and promoting Treg generation. These recent advances place a large emphasis on the local tissue specific inflammatory environment as it relates to Treg function and disease development.
doi_str_mv	10.1016/j.coi.2009.09.011
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subjects	Allergy and Immunology Animals Autoimmunity Cytokines - immunology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - immunology Humans Multiple Sclerosis - immunology T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - cytology T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - immunology
title	Regulatory T cells and inhibitory cytokines in autoimmunity
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