Distribution of the product confidence limits for the indirect effect: program PRODCLIN

This article describes a program, PRODCLIN (distribution of the PRODuct Confidence Limits for INdirect effects), written for SAS, SPSS, and R, that computes confidence limits for the product of two normal random variables. The program is important because it can be used to obtain more accurate confi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Behavior research methods 2007-08, Vol.39 (3), p.384-389
Main Authors: MacKinnon, David P, Fritz, Matthew S, Williams, Jason, Lockwood, Chondra M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bootstrap method
Confidence Intervals
Disease prevention
Guidelines
Health promotion
Humans
Models, Psychological
Prevention programs
Psychology - statistics & numerical data
R&D
Random variables
Research & development
Research methodology
Sample size
Software
Software packages
Studies
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Summary:This article describes a program, PRODCLIN (distribution of the PRODuct Confidence Limits for INdirect effects), written for SAS, SPSS, and R, that computes confidence limits for the product of two normal random variables. The program is important because it can be used to obtain more accurate confidence limits for the indirect effect, as demonstrated in several recent articles (MacKinnon, Lockwood, & Williams, 2004; Pituch, Whittaker, & Stapleton, 2005). Tests of the significance of and confidence limits for indirect effects based on the distribution of the product method have more accurate Type I error rates and more power than other, more commonly used tests. Values for the two paths involved in the indirect effect and their standard errors are entered in the PRODCLIN program, and distribution of the product confidence limits are computed. Several examples are used to illustrate the PRODCLIN program. The PRODCLIN programs in rich text format may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive.
ISSN:1554-351X
1554-3528
DOI:10.3758/bf03193007