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Prevalence and Incidence of HCV Infection among Vietnam Heroin Users with Recent Onset of Injection
HCV infection continues to spread at an alarming rate among IDU populations. The available evidence suggests that HCV is acquired relatively quickly following onset of injection. However, there are few prospective studies of HCV acquisition, particularly among IDU populations in resource-poor settin...
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| Published in: | Journal of urban health 2010-03, Vol.87 (2), p.278-291 |
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| container_title | Journal of urban health |
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| creator | Clatts, Michael C. Colón-López, Vivian Giang, Le M. Goldsamt, Lloyd A. |
| description | HCV infection continues to spread at an alarming rate among IDU populations. The available evidence suggests that HCV is acquired relatively quickly following onset of injection. However, there are few prospective studies of HCV acquisition, particularly among IDU populations in resource-poor settings. A sample of young male heroin injectors with recent onset of injection ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11524-009-9417-9 |
| format | article |
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n
= 179). Both behavioral and biological assessments (including detailed retrospective assessment of injection initiation) were conducted at baseline and repeated at 6-month intervals for a period of 16 months. Variables associated with HCV infection (
p
value < 0.05) in bivariate analyses were considered for inclusion in logistic regression models to identify risk factors independently associated with HCV infection. HCV incidence was calculated by using the incidence density approach and was expressed in terms of person-years of observation. The baseline of prevalence of HCV was 46%. HCV significantly increased in relation to time since first injection, from 30% in subjects with ≤10 months of injection risk to 70% in subjects with ≥30 months injection risk (
p
value = 0.0005). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, increasing age, incarceration in a drug detention facility (OR = 2.54; 95%CI 1.05, 6.15), and time since first injection remained significantly associated with HCV infection. Use of injection as primary mode of administration (OR = 2.56; 95%CI 0.98, 6.69) achieved marginal significance. After 16 months of follow-up, the incidence rate of HCV was 23.35 per 100 person-years and the mean time between first injection and first positive HCV test was 1.2 years. HCV is acquired much more rapidly among new injector populations than previously recognized, demonstrating the need for early behavioral intervention among new heroin-user populations. Particularly critical are interventions that target new heroin user populations, including interventions that improve understanding of viral transmission dynamics, that promote alternative strategies for drug sharing, and that delay initiation of injection.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1099-3460</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-2869</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11524-009-9417-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20041309</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Disease transmission ; Drug abuse ; Epidemiology ; Harm Reduction ; Health behavior ; Health Informatics ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis C, Chronic - epidemiology ; Heroin ; Heroin Dependence ; Humans ; Injection ; Injections ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Prospective Studies ; Public Health ; Regression analysis ; Risk factors ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; Vietnam - epidemiology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of urban health, 2010-03, Vol.87 (2), p.278-291</ispartof><rights>The New York Academy of Medicine 2009</rights><rights>The New York Academy of Medicine 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c468t-11dcaf70c218ce06244b35efcb30ec03d8e92d481ac938341b2a1b8d5df70e383</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c468t-11dcaf70c218ce06244b35efcb30ec03d8e92d481ac938341b2a1b8d5df70e383</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/228401840/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/228401840?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,21394,27924,27925,33611,43733,74221</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20041309$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Clatts, Michael C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Colón-López, Vivian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giang, Le M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goldsamt, Lloyd A.</creatorcontrib><title>Prevalence and Incidence of HCV Infection among Vietnam Heroin Users with Recent Onset of Injection</title><title>Journal of urban health</title><addtitle>J Urban Health</addtitle><addtitle>J Urban Health</addtitle><description>HCV infection continues to spread at an alarming rate among IDU populations. The available evidence suggests that HCV is acquired relatively quickly following onset of injection. However, there are few prospective studies of HCV acquisition, particularly among IDU populations in resource-poor settings. A sample of young male heroin injectors with recent onset of injection (<4 years) was recruited in Hanoi, Vietnam for a prospective assessment of the early course of injection (
n
= 179). Both behavioral and biological assessments (including detailed retrospective assessment of injection initiation) were conducted at baseline and repeated at 6-month intervals for a period of 16 months. Variables associated with HCV infection (
p
value < 0.05) in bivariate analyses were considered for inclusion in logistic regression models to identify risk factors independently associated with HCV infection. HCV incidence was calculated by using the incidence density approach and was expressed in terms of person-years of observation. The baseline of prevalence of HCV was 46%. HCV significantly increased in relation to time since first injection, from 30% in subjects with ≤10 months of injection risk to 70% in subjects with ≥30 months injection risk (
p
value = 0.0005). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, increasing age, incarceration in a drug detention facility (OR = 2.54; 95%CI 1.05, 6.15), and time since first injection remained significantly associated with HCV infection. Use of injection as primary mode of administration (OR = 2.56; 95%CI 0.98, 6.69) achieved marginal significance. After 16 months of follow-up, the incidence rate of HCV was 23.35 per 100 person-years and the mean time between first injection and first positive HCV test was 1.2 years. HCV is acquired much more rapidly among new injector populations than previously recognized, demonstrating the need for early behavioral intervention among new heroin-user populations. Particularly critical are interventions that target new heroin user populations, including interventions that improve understanding of viral transmission dynamics, that promote alternative strategies for drug sharing, and that delay initiation of injection.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Drug abuse</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Harm Reduction</subject><subject>Health behavior</subject><subject>Health Informatics</subject><subject>Hepatitis</subject><subject>Hepatitis C, Chronic - epidemiology</subject><subject>Heroin</subject><subject>Heroin Dependence</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Injection</subject><subject>Injections</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Seroepidemiologic Studies</subject><subject>Substance Abuse, Intravenous</subject><subject>Vietnam - epidemiology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1099-3460</issn><issn>1468-2869</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ALSLI</sourceid><sourceid>M2R</sourceid><recordid>eNp1UcFOGzEQtVARpMAH9FJZvW8743U29qVSFdEmUiQQAq6W1zubbJTYqb0B8fd1WErLgcPI45n33jzpMfYJ4SsCTL4lxLGQBYAutMRJoY_YCGWlCqEq_SH3oHVRygpO2ceU1gBYyYk4YacCQGIJesTcdaQHuyHviFvf8Ll3XfP8Cy2fTe_zoCXXd8Fzuw1-ye876r3d8hnF0Hl-lygm_tj1K35DjnzPr3yi_sCe-_XAPGfHrd0kunh5z9jdz8vb6axYXP2aT38sCpc99wVi42w7ASdQOYJKSFmXY2pdXQI5KBtFWjRSoXW6VKXEWlisVTNuMony5Ix9H3R3-3pLzcFNtBuzi93WxicTbGfebny3MsvwYISSY_Us8OVFIIbfe0q9WYd99NmzERkDmCuDcAC5GFKK1L4eQDCHWMwQi8mxmEMsRmfO5_-dvTL-5pABYgCkvPJLiv8uv6_6ByOlmSg</recordid><startdate>20100301</startdate><enddate>20100301</enddate><creator>Clatts, Michael C.</creator><creator>Colón-López, Vivian</creator><creator>Giang, Le M.</creator><creator>Goldsamt, Lloyd A.</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88J</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2R</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100301</creationdate><title>Prevalence and Incidence of HCV Infection among Vietnam Heroin Users with Recent Onset of Injection</title><author>Clatts, Michael C. ; Colón-López, Vivian ; Giang, Le M. ; Goldsamt, Lloyd A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c468t-11dcaf70c218ce06244b35efcb30ec03d8e92d481ac938341b2a1b8d5df70e383</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Drug abuse</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Harm Reduction</topic><topic>Health behavior</topic><topic>Health Informatics</topic><topic>Hepatitis</topic><topic>Hepatitis C, Chronic - epidemiology</topic><topic>Heroin</topic><topic>Heroin Dependence</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Injection</topic><topic>Injections</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Public Health</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Seroepidemiologic Studies</topic><topic>Substance Abuse, Intravenous</topic><topic>Vietnam - epidemiology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Clatts, Michael C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Colón-López, Vivian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giang, Le M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goldsamt, Lloyd A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health and Medical</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Social Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Social Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of urban health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Clatts, Michael C.</au><au>Colón-López, Vivian</au><au>Giang, Le M.</au><au>Goldsamt, Lloyd A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prevalence and Incidence of HCV Infection among Vietnam Heroin Users with Recent Onset of Injection</atitle><jtitle>Journal of urban health</jtitle><stitle>J Urban Health</stitle><addtitle>J Urban Health</addtitle><date>2010-03-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>87</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>278</spage><epage>291</epage><pages>278-291</pages><issn>1099-3460</issn><eissn>1468-2869</eissn><abstract>HCV infection continues to spread at an alarming rate among IDU populations. The available evidence suggests that HCV is acquired relatively quickly following onset of injection. However, there are few prospective studies of HCV acquisition, particularly among IDU populations in resource-poor settings. A sample of young male heroin injectors with recent onset of injection (<4 years) was recruited in Hanoi, Vietnam for a prospective assessment of the early course of injection (
n
= 179). Both behavioral and biological assessments (including detailed retrospective assessment of injection initiation) were conducted at baseline and repeated at 6-month intervals for a period of 16 months. Variables associated with HCV infection (
p
value < 0.05) in bivariate analyses were considered for inclusion in logistic regression models to identify risk factors independently associated with HCV infection. HCV incidence was calculated by using the incidence density approach and was expressed in terms of person-years of observation. The baseline of prevalence of HCV was 46%. HCV significantly increased in relation to time since first injection, from 30% in subjects with ≤10 months of injection risk to 70% in subjects with ≥30 months injection risk (
p
value = 0.0005). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, increasing age, incarceration in a drug detention facility (OR = 2.54; 95%CI 1.05, 6.15), and time since first injection remained significantly associated with HCV infection. Use of injection as primary mode of administration (OR = 2.56; 95%CI 0.98, 6.69) achieved marginal significance. After 16 months of follow-up, the incidence rate of HCV was 23.35 per 100 person-years and the mean time between first injection and first positive HCV test was 1.2 years. HCV is acquired much more rapidly among new injector populations than previously recognized, demonstrating the need for early behavioral intervention among new heroin-user populations. Particularly critical are interventions that target new heroin user populations, including interventions that improve understanding of viral transmission dynamics, that promote alternative strategies for drug sharing, and that delay initiation of injection.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>20041309</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11524-009-9417-9</doi><tpages>14</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of urban health, 2010-03, Vol.87 (2), p.278-291 |
| issn | 1099-3460 1468-2869 |
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| source | Social Science Premium Collection; Springer Nature |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Disease transmission Drug abuse Epidemiology Harm Reduction Health behavior Health Informatics Hepatitis Hepatitis C, Chronic - epidemiology Heroin Heroin Dependence Humans Injection Injections Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Prospective Studies Public Health Regression analysis Risk factors Seroepidemiologic Studies Substance Abuse, Intravenous Vietnam - epidemiology Young Adult |
| title | Prevalence and Incidence of HCV Infection among Vietnam Heroin Users with Recent Onset of Injection |
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