Mechanisms of obesity and related pathologies: The macro‐ and microcirculation of adipose tissue

Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ made up of adipocytes, various stromal cells, resident and infiltrating immune cells, and an extensive endothelial network. Adipose secretory products, collectively referred to as adipokines, have been identified as contributors to the negative consequences of ad...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The FEBS journal 2009-10, Vol.276 (20), p.5738-5746
Main Authors: Rutkowski, Joseph M., Davis, Kathryn E., Scherer, Philipp E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adipokine
Adipokines - metabolism
adiponectin
Adipose Tissue - blood supply
Adipose Tissue - metabolism
angiogenesis
Biochemistry
Body fat
Circulatory system
endothelial cell
hypoxia
inflammation
lymphangiogenesis
lymphatic
Microcirculation - genetics
Microcirculation - physiology
Models, Biological
Obesity
Obesity - metabolism
Obesity - pathology
Obesity - physiopathology
permeability
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Summary:Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ made up of adipocytes, various stromal cells, resident and infiltrating immune cells, and an extensive endothelial network. Adipose secretory products, collectively referred to as adipokines, have been identified as contributors to the negative consequences of adipose tissue expansion that include cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. Systemic blood circulation provides transport capabilities for adipokines and fuels for proper adipose tissue function. Adipose tissue microcirculation is heavily impacted by adipose tissue expansion, some adipokines can induce endothelial dysfunction, and angiogenesis is necessary to counter hypoxia arising as a result of tissue expansion. Tumors, such as invasive lesions in the mammary gland, co‐opt the adipose tissue microvasculature for local growth and metastatic spread. Lymphatic circulation, an area that has received little metabolic attention, provides an important route for dietary and peripheral lipid transport. We review adipose circulation as a whole and focus on the established and potential interplay between adipose tissue and the microvascular endothelium.
ISSN:1742-464X
1742-4658
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07303.x