TNF/p38α/Polycomb Signaling to Pax7 Locus in Satellite Cells Links Inflammation to the Epigenetic Control of Muscle Regeneration

• Published in: Cell stem cell 2010-10, Vol.7 (4), p.455-469
• Main Authors: Palacios, Daniela, Mozzetta, Chiara, Consalvi, Silvia, Caretti, Giuseppina, Saccone, Valentina, Proserpio, Valentina, Marquez, Victor E., Valente, Sergio, Mai, Antonello, Forcales, Sonia V., Sartorelli, Vittorio, Puri, Pier Lorenzo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Cell differentiation, maturation, development, hematopoiesis; Cell physiology; Cells, Cultured; Epigenesis, Genetic; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Inflammation; Inflammation - genetics; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Molecular and cellular biology; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism; PAX7 Transcription Factor - genetics; PAX7 Transcription Factor - metabolism; Polycomb-Group Proteins; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Quadriceps Muscle - metabolism; Quadriceps Muscle - physiology; Regeneration; Repressor Proteins - metabolism; Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle - cytology; Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle - metabolism; Signal Transduction; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism
• ISSN: 1934-5909; 1875-9777
• DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2010.08.013

How regeneration cues are converted into the epigenetic information that controls gene expression in adult stem cells is currently unknown. We identified an inflammation-activated signaling in muscle stem (satellite) cells, by which the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) represses Pax7 expression during muscle regeneration. TNF-activated p38α kinase promotes the interaction between YY1 and PRC2, via threonine 372 phosphorylation of EZH2, the enzymatic subunit of the complex, leading to the formation of repressive chromatin on Pax7 promoter. TNF-α antibodies stimulate satellite cell proliferation in regenerating muscles of dystrophic or normal mice. Genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of the enzymatic components of the p38/PRC2 signaling—p38α and EZH2—invariably promote Pax7 expression and expansion of satellite cells that retain their differentiation potential upon signaling resumption. Genetic knockdown of Pax7 impaired satellite cell proliferation in response to p38 inhibition, thereby establishing the biological link between p38/PRC2 signaling to Pax7 and satellite cell decision to proliferate or differentiate. ► Conversion of regeneration cues into epigenetic control of muscle stem cells ► Chromatin targets for pharmacological regeneration of dystrophic muscle ► Signal-dependent control of Polycomb target genes in adult stem cells ► Stage-specific control of gene expression by p38/Polycomb in satellite cells