Ryanodine receptors: structure, expression, molecular details, and function in calcium release

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are located in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum membrane and are responsible for the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores during excitation-contraction coupling in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. RyRs are the largest known ion channels (> 2MDa) and exist...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology 2010-11, Vol.2 (11), p.a003996-a003996
Main Authors: Lanner, Johanna T, Georgiou, Dimitra K, Joshi, Aditya D, Hamilton, Susan L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Calcium - metabolism
Calcium Signaling
Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 - metabolism
Calmodulin - metabolism
Calsequestrin - metabolism
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases - metabolism
Humans
Models, Molecular
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Myocardium - metabolism
Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel - chemistry
Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel - genetics
Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel - metabolism
Tacrolimus Binding Protein 1A - metabolism
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Summary:Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are located in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum membrane and are responsible for the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores during excitation-contraction coupling in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. RyRs are the largest known ion channels (> 2MDa) and exist as three mammalian isoforms (RyR 1-3), all of which are homotetrameric proteins that interact with and are regulated by phosphorylation, redox modifications, and a variety of small proteins and ions. Most RyR channel modulators interact with the large cytoplasmic domain whereas the carboxy-terminal portion of the protein forms the ion-conducting pore. Mutations in RyR2 are associated with human disorders such as catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia whereas mutations in RyR1 underlie diseases such as central core disease and malignant hyperthermia. This chapter examines the current concepts of the structure, function and regulation of RyRs and assesses the current state of understanding of their roles in associated disorders.
ISSN:1943-0264
1943-0264
DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a003996