High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomographic Imaging of Cortical and Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

• Published in: The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2010-11, Vol.95 (11), p.5045-5055
• Main Authors: Burghardt, Andrew J, Issever, Ahi S, Schwartz, Ann V, Davis, Kevin A, Masharani, Umesh, Majumdar, Sharmila, Link, Thomas M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Biological and medical sciences; Bone Density; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diagnostic imaging; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases); Endocrinopathies; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Finite Element Analysis; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Original; Pilot Projects; Radius - diagnostic imaging; Tibia - diagnostic imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Vertebrates: endocrinology
• ISSN: 0021-972X; 1945-7197
• DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0226

Context: Cross-sectional epidemiological studies have found that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a higher incidence of certain fragility fractures despite normal or elevated bone mineral density (BMD). Objective: In this study, high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography was applied to characterize cortical and trabecular microarchitecture and biomechanics in the peripheral skeleton of female patients with T2DM. Design and Setting: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with T2DM recruited from a diabetic outpatient clinic. Participants: Elderly female patients (age, 62.9 ± 7.7 yr) with a history of T2DM (n = 19) and age- and height-matched controls (n = 19) were recruited. Outcome Measures: Subjects were imaged using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography at the distal radius and tibia. Quantitative measures of volumetric (BMD), cross-sectional geometry, trabecular and cortical microarchitecture were calculated. Additionally, compressive mechanical properties were determined by micro-finite element analysis. Results: Compared to the controls, the T2DM cohort had 10% higher trabecular volumetric BMD (P < 0.05) adjacent to the cortex and higher trabecular thickness in the tibia (13.8%; P < 0.05). Cortical porosity differences alone were consistent with impaired bone strength and were significant in the radius (>+50%; P < 0.05), whereas pore volume approached significance in the tibia (+118%; P = 0.1). Conclusion: The results of this pilot investigation provide a potential explanation for the inability of standard BMD measures to explain the elevated fracture incidence in patients with T2DM. The findings suggest that T2DM may be associated with impaired resistance to bending loads due to inefficient redistribution of bone mass, characterized by loss of intracortical bone offset by an elevation in trabecular bone density. This cross-sectional high resolution peripheral QCT study indicates that postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes have cortical and trabecular architectural abnormalities compared to matched controls.