Evidence for Direct Retrieval of Relative Quantity Information in a Quantity Judgment Task: Decimals, Integers, and the Role of Physical Similarity

• Published in: Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition memory, and cognition, 2010-11, Vol.36 (6), p.1389-1398
• Main Author: Cohen, Dale J
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Arithmetic; Biological and medical sciences; Cognition; Cognition & reasoning; Cognition. Intelligence; Cognitive Processes; Discrimination (Psychology) - physiology; Evidence; Experimental Psychology; Experiments; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Human; Humans; Information processing; Information Retrieval; Judgment; Judgment - physiology; Learning; Male; Mathematics; Mathematics Education; Mathematics Instruction; Mental Recall - physiology; Miscellaneous; Neuropsychological Tests; Numbers; Numbers (Numerals); Photic Stimulation - methods; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychophysiology; Psychophysics; Reaction Time; Reaction Time - physiology; Regression Analysis; Students; Task Analysis; Thinking Skills; Time Factors
• ISSN: 0278-7393; 1939-1285
• DOI: 10.1037/a0020212

Participants' reaction times (RTs) in numerical judgment tasks in which one must determine which of 2 numbers is greater generally follow a monotonically decreasing function of the numerical distance between the two presented numbers. Here, I present 3 experiments in which the relative influences of numerical distance and physical similarity are assessed in just such a task using integers and decimals as stimuli. The data reveal that numerical distance is the primary feature controlling participants' RTs when integers are presented. However, the physical similarity between the decade place of the standard and the probe is the primary feature controlling participants' RTs when decimals are presented. I conclude that the unique qualities of decimals do not lend themselves to share the place-coding representation of integers, thus a direct retrieval mechanism for judging the relative quantity of decimals has developed. (Contains 4 tables, 5 figures and 5 footnotes.)