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Effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet, Exercise, and Caloric Restriction on Neurocognition in Overweight Adults With High Blood Pressure

High blood pressure increases the risks of stroke, dementia, and neurocognitive dysfunction. Although aerobic exercise and dietary modifications have been shown to reduce blood pressure, no randomized trials have examined the effects of aerobic exercise combined with dietary modification on neurocog...

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Published in:Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. 1979) Tex. 1979), 2010-06, Vol.55 (6), p.1331-1338
Main Authors: Smith, Patrick J, Blumenthal, James A, Babyak, Michael A, Craighead, Linda, Welsh-Bohmer, Kathleen A, Browndyke, Jeffrey N, Strauman, Timothy A, Sherwood, Andrew
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description High blood pressure increases the risks of stroke, dementia, and neurocognitive dysfunction. Although aerobic exercise and dietary modifications have been shown to reduce blood pressure, no randomized trials have examined the effects of aerobic exercise combined with dietary modification on neurocognitive functioning in individuals with high blood pressure (ie, prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension). As part of a larger investigation, 124 participants with elevated blood pressure (systolic blood pressure 130 to 159 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure 85 to 99 mm Hg) who were sedentary and overweight or obese (body mass index25 to 40 kg/m) were randomized to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet alone, DASH combined with a behavioral weight management program including exercise and caloric restriction, or a usual diet control group. Participants completed a battery of neurocognitive tests of executive function-memory-learning and psychomotor speed at baseline and again after the 4-month intervention. Participants on the DASH diet combined with a behavioral weight management program exhibited greater improvements in executive function-memory-learning (Cohenʼs D=0.562; P=0.008) and psychomotor speed (Cohenʼs D=0.480; P=0.023), and DASH diet alone participants exhibited better psychomotor speed (Cohenʼs D=0.440; P=0.036) compared with the usual diet control. Neurocognitive improvements appeared to be mediated by increased aerobic fitness and weight loss. Also, participants with greater intima-medial thickness and higher systolic blood pressure showed greater improvements in executive function-memory-learning in the group on the DASH diet combined with a behavioral weight management program. In conclusion, combining aerobic exercise with the DASH diet and caloric restriction improves neurocognitive function among sedentary and overweight/obese individuals with prehypertension and hypertension.
doi_str_mv 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.146795
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Participants on the DASH diet combined with a behavioral weight management program exhibited greater improvements in executive function-memory-learning (Cohenʼs D=0.562; P=0.008) and psychomotor speed (Cohenʼs D=0.480; P=0.023), and DASH diet alone participants exhibited better psychomotor speed (Cohenʼs D=0.440; P=0.036) compared with the usual diet control. Neurocognitive improvements appeared to be mediated by increased aerobic fitness and weight loss. Also, participants with greater intima-medial thickness and higher systolic blood pressure showed greater improvements in executive function-memory-learning in the group on the DASH diet combined with a behavioral weight management program. 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source EZB Electronic Journals Library
subjects Arterial hypertension. Arterial hypotension
Behavior Therapy - methods
Biological and medical sciences
Blood and lymphatic vessels
Blood Pressure Determination
Body Mass Index
Caloric Restriction
Cardiology. Vascular system
Clinical manifestations. Epidemiology. Investigative techniques. Etiology
Cognition Disorders - prevention & control
Combined Modality Therapy
Diet, Reducing
Executive Function - physiology
Exercise
Feeding Behavior
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Hypertension - complications
Hypertension - diagnosis
Hypertension - therapy
Linear Models
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Neuropsychological Tests
Overweight - complications
Overweight - diagnosis
Overweight - therapy
Probability
Quality of Life
Reference Values
Risk Assessment
Severity of Illness Index
Treatment Outcome
title Effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet, Exercise, and Caloric Restriction on Neurocognition in Overweight Adults With High Blood Pressure
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