Testing Predictions From Personality Neuroscience: Brain Structure and the Big Five

• Published in: Psychological science 2010-06, Vol.21 (6), p.820-828
• Main Authors: DeYoung, Colin G., Hirsh, Jacob B., Shane, Matthew S., Papademetris, Xenophon, Rajeevan, Nallakkandi, Gray, Jeremy R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Adults; Agreeableness; Behavior; Behavioral neuroscience; Brain; Brain - anatomy & histology; Brain - physiology; Cognitive psychology; Conscientiousness; Cortex; Extraversion; Extraversion (Psychology); Extroversion; Female; Five factor model; Forecasts; Globus Pallidus - anatomy & histology; Globus Pallidus - physiology; Gyrus Cinguli - anatomy & histology; Gyrus Cinguli - physiology; Hippocampus - anatomy & histology; Hippocampus - physiology; Human biology; Humans; Hypotheses; Individual differences; Intelligence; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mental states; Models, Neurological; Negative emotions; Neuropsychology; Neuroscience; Neurosciences; Neuroticism; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Parietal Lobe - anatomy & histology; Parietal Lobe - physiology; Personality; Personality - physiology; Personality Inventory; Personality psychology; Personality traits; Predictions; Prefrontal Cortex - anatomy & histology; Prefrontal Cortex - physiology; Psychology; Punishment; Working memory; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0956-7976; 1467-9280
• DOI: 10.1177/0956797610370159

We used a new theory of the biological basis of the Big Five personality traits to generate hypotheses about the association of each trait with the volume of different brain regions. Controlling for age, sex, and whole-brain volume, results from structural magnetic resonance imaging of 116 healthy adults supported our hypotheses for four of the five traits: Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Extraversion covaried with volume of medial orbitofrontal cortex, a brain region involved in processing reward information. Neuroticism covaried with volume of brain regions associated with threat, punishment, and negative affect. Agreeableness covaried with volume in regions that process information about the intentions and mental states of other individuals. Conscientiousness covaried with volume in lateral prefrontal cortex, a region involved in planning and the voluntary control of behavior. These findings support our biologically based, explanatory model of the Big Five and demonstrate the potential of personality neuroscience (i.e., the systematic study of individual differences in personality using neuroscience methods) as a discipline.