Identifying reliable independent components via split-half comparisons

Independent component analysis (ICA) is a family of unsupervised learning algorithms that have proven useful for the analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetoencephalogram (MEG). ICA decomposes an EEG/MEG data set into a basis of maximally temporally independent components (ICs) that ar...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.) Fla.), 2009-05, Vol.45 (4), p.1199-1211
Main Authors: Groppe, David M., Makeig, Scott, Kutas, Marta
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
Automation
Brain Mapping - methods
Confidence intervals
Decomposition
Electroencephalography - methods
Evoked Potentials - physiology
Experiments
Humans
Noise
Pattern Recognition, Visual - physiology
Principal Component Analysis
Reproducibility of Results
Sensitivity and Specificity
Visual Cortex - physiology
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Summary:Independent component analysis (ICA) is a family of unsupervised learning algorithms that have proven useful for the analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetoencephalogram (MEG). ICA decomposes an EEG/MEG data set into a basis of maximally temporally independent components (ICs) that are learned from the data. As with any statistic, a concern with using ICA is the degree to which the estimated ICs are reliable. An IC may not be reliable if ICA was trained on insufficient data, if ICA training was stopped prematurely or at a local minimum (for some algorithms), or if multiple global minima were present. Consequently, evidence of ICA reliability is critical for the credibility of ICA results. In this paper, we present a new algorithm for assessing the reliability of ICs based on applying ICA separately to split-halves of a data set. This algorithm improves upon existing methods in that it considers both IC scalp topographies and activations, uses a probabilistically interpretable threshold for accepting ICs as reliable, and requires applying ICA only three times per data set. As evidence of the method's validity, we show that the method can perform comparably to more time intensive bootstrap resampling and depends in a reasonable manner on the amount of training data. Finally, using the method we illustrate the importance of checking the reliability of ICs by demonstrating that IC reliability is dramatically increased by removing the mean EEG at each channel for each epoch of data rather than the mean EEG in a prestimulus baseline.
ISSN:1053-8119
1095-9572
DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.12.038