Toll-like receptor signaling in neural plasticity and disease

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of innate immune system receptors that respond to pathogen-derived and tissue damage-related ligands. TLR signaling in immune cells, glia and neurons can play roles in the pathogenesis of stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Recen...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Trends in neurosciences (Regular ed.) 2011-05, Vol.34 (5), p.269-281
Main Authors: Okun, Eitan, Griffioen, Kathleen J, Mattson, Mark P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer's disease
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Brain - physiopathology
Brain Diseases - physiopathology
Cells
Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases
Humans
Immune system
Medical sciences
Models, Neurological
Multiple sclerosis
Nerve Net - physiopathology
Neurology
Neuronal Plasticity
Pathogenesis
Signal Transduction
T cell receptors
Tissues
Toll-Like Receptors - metabolism
Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system
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Summary:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of innate immune system receptors that respond to pathogen-derived and tissue damage-related ligands. TLR signaling in immune cells, glia and neurons can play roles in the pathogenesis of stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent findings suggest that TLR signaling also influences multiple dynamic processes in the developing and adult central nervous system including neurogenesis, axonal growth and structural plasticity. In addition, TLRs are implicated in the regulation of behaviors including learning, memory and anxiety. This review describes recently discovered and unexpected roles for TLRs in neuroplasticity, and the implications of these findings for future basic and translational research studies.
ISSN:0166-2236
1878-108X
DOI:10.1016/j.tins.2011.02.005