Anoxia, acidosis, and intergenic interactions selectively regulate methionine sulfoxide reductase transcriptions in mouse embryonic stem cells

• Published in: Journal of cellular biochemistry 2011-01, Vol.112 (1), p.98-106
• Main Authors: Zhang, Chi, Jia, Pingping, Jia, Yuanyuan, Li, Yuejin, Webster, Keith A., Huang, Xupei, Achary, Mohan, Lemanski, Sharon L., Lemanski, Larry F.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acidosis; Animals; Anoxia; Cell culture; Cell Hypoxia; Embryo cells; Embryonic Stem Cells - enzymology; Embryonic Stem Cells - metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gene regulation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Methionine; Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases - genetics; Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases - metabolism; Mice; mouse stem cells; Msr gene regulation; Oxidative stress; Polymerase chain reaction; Reactive oxygen species; reductase; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Small Interfering - metabolism; Stem cells; Stimulants; Sulfide; Transcription; Transcription, Genetic; Western blotting
• ISSN: 0730-2312; 1097-4644; 1097-4644
• DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22876

Methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msr) belong to a gene family that contains one MsrA and three MsrBs (MsrB1, MsrB2, and MsrB3). We have identified all four of the genes that are expressed in mouse embryonic stem cell cultures. The vital cellular functions of the Msr family of genes are to protect cells from oxidative damage by enzymatically reducing the oxidized sulfide groups of methionine residues in proteins from the sulfoxide form (SO) back to sulfide thus restoring normal protein functions as well as reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). We have performed studies on the Msr family genes to examine the regulation of gene expression. Our studies using real‐time RT‐PCR and Western blotting have shown that expression levels of the four Msr family genes are under differential regulation by anoxia/reoxygenation treatment, acidic culture conditions and interactions between MsrA and MsrB. Results from these in vitro experiments suggest that although these genes function as a whole in oxidative stress protection, each one of the Msr genes could be responsive to environmental stimulants differently at the tissue level. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 98–106, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.