A ring-opening mechanism for DNA binding in the central channel of the T7 helicase-primase protein

• Published in: The EMBO journal 2000-07, Vol.19 (13), p.3418-3427
• Main Authors: Ahnert, Peter, Picha, Kristen Moore, Patel, Smita S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bacteriophage T7 - enzymology; Base Sequence; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; DNA Primase - metabolism; DNA unwinding; DNA, Single-Stranded - chemistry; DNA, Single-Stranded - metabolism; DNA, Viral - chemistry; DNA, Viral - metabolism; fluorescence stopped-flow; Kinetics; motor protein; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Phage T7; primase; Protein Binding; protein-DNA interactions
• ISSN: 0261-4189; 1460-2075; 1460-2075
• DOI: 10.1093/emboj/19.13.3418

We have investigated the mechanism of binding single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) into the central channel of the ring‐shaped T7 gp4A′ helicase–primase hexamer. Presteady‐state kinetic studies show a facilitated five‐step mechanism and provide understanding of how a ring‐shaped helicase can be loaded on the DNA during the initiation of replication. The effect of a primase recognition sequence on the observed kinetics suggests that binding to the helicase DNA‐binding site is facilitated by transient binding to the primase DNA‐binding site, which is proposed to be a loading site. The proposed model involves the fast initial binding of the DNA to the primase site on the outside of the helicase ring, a fast conformational change, a ring‐opening step, migration of the DNA into the central channel of the helicase ring, and ring closure. Although an intermediate protein–DNA complex is kinetically stable, only the last species in the five‐step mechanism is poised to function as a helicase at the unwinding junction.