Frequency Domain Detection of Biomolecules Using Silicon Nanowire Biosensors

We demonstrate a new protein detection methodology based upon frequency domain electrical measurement using silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (SiNW FET) biosensors. The power spectral density of voltage from a current-biased SiNW FET shows 1/f-dependence in frequency domain for measurements o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nano letters 2010-08, Vol.10 (8), p.3179-3183
Main Authors: Zheng, Gengfeng, Gao, Xuan P. A, Lieber, Charles M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antigen-Antibody Reactions
Applied sciences
Biosensing Techniques
Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science
rheology
Electronics
Exact sciences and technology
General equipment and techniques
Instruments, apparatus, components and techniques common to several branches of physics and astronomy
Materials science
Molecular electronics, nanoelectronics
Nanocrystalline materials
Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization
Nanowires
Physics
Quantum wires
Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices
Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.)
remote sensing
Silicon
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Summary:We demonstrate a new protein detection methodology based upon frequency domain electrical measurement using silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (SiNW FET) biosensors. The power spectral density of voltage from a current-biased SiNW FET shows 1/f-dependence in frequency domain for measurements of antibody functionalized SiNW devices in buffer solution or in the presence of protein not specific to the antibody receptor. In the presence of protein (antigen) recognized specifically by the antibody-functionalized SiNW FET, the frequency spectrum exhibits a Lorentzian shape with a characteristic frequency of several kilohertz. Frequency and conventional time domain measurements carried out with the same device as a function of antigen concentration show more than 10-fold increase in detection sensitivity in the frequency domain data. These concentration-dependent results together with studies of antibody receptor density effect further address possible origins of the Lorentzian frequency spectrum. Our results show that frequency domain measurements can be used as a complementary approach to conventional time domain measurements for ultrasensitive electrical detection of proteins and other biomolecules using nanoscale FETs.
ISSN:1530-6984
1530-6992
DOI:10.1021/nl1020975