Long-distance kissing loop interactions between a 3′ proximal Y-shaped structure and apical loops of 5′ hairpins enhance translation of Saguaro cactus virus

• Published in: Virology (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2011-08, Vol.417 (1), p.113-125
• Main Authors: Chattopadhyay, Maitreyi, Shi, Kerong, Yuan, Xuefeng, Simon, Anne E
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 3' Untranslated Regions - genetics; 3′ Translational enhancers; 5' Untranslated Regions - genetics; Base Sequence; Cactaceae - virology; Cap-independent translation; Carmovirus; Carmovirus - genetics; Enhancer Elements, Genetic - genetics; Genes, Reporter; Infectious Disease; Kissing loop interactions; Long distance RNA:RNA interactions; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Pea enation mosaic virus; Protein Biosynthesis - physiology; RNA, Messenger - metabolism; RNA, Viral - chemistry; RNA, Viral - genetics; Saguaro cactus virus
• ISSN: 0042-6822; 1096-0341
• DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.05.007

Abstract Circularization of cellular mRNAs is a key event prior to translation initiation. We report that efficient translation of Saguaro cactus virus (SCV) requires a 3′ translational enhancer (PTE) located partially in coding sequences. Unlike a similar PTE reported in the 3′ UTR of Pea enation mosaic virus that does not engage in an RNA:RNA interaction (Wang Z. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 284, 14189–14202, 2009), the SCV PTE participates in long distance RNA:RNA interactions with hairpins located in the p26 ORF and in the 5′ UTR of one subgenomic RNA. At least two additional RNA:RNA interactions are also present, one of which involves the p26 initiation codon. Similar PTE can be found in six additional carmoviruses that can putatively form long-distance interactions with 5′ hairpins located in comparable positions.