Revisiting an old friend: manganese-based MRI contrast agents

Non‐invasive cellular and molecular imaging techniques are emerging as a multidisciplinary field that offers promise in understanding the components, processes, dynamics and therapies of disease at a molecular level. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an attractive technique due to the absence of r...

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Published in:Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology 2011-03, Vol.3 (2), p.162-173
Main Authors: Pan, Dipanjan, Caruthers, Shelton D., Senpan, Angana, Schmieder, Ann H., Wickline, Samuel A., Lanza, Gregory M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Cellular
Contrast agents
Contrast Media
Diagnostic software
Diagnostic systems
Drug discovery
Fibrosis
Gadolinium
Heavy metals
Humans
Imaging
Imaging techniques
Magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods
Manganese
Metals
Nanocomposites
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticles
Nanostructure
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Patients
Radiation
Radioisotopes
Spatial discrimination
Spatial resolution
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Summary:Non‐invasive cellular and molecular imaging techniques are emerging as a multidisciplinary field that offers promise in understanding the components, processes, dynamics and therapies of disease at a molecular level. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an attractive technique due to the absence of radiation and high spatial resolution which makes it advantageous over techniques involving radioisotopes. Typically paramagnetic and superparamagnetic metals are used as contrast materials for MR based techniques. Gadolinium has been the predominant paramagnetic contrast metal until the discovery and association of the metal with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in some patients with severe renal or kidney disease. Manganese was one of the earliest reported examples of paramagnetic contrast material for MRI because of its efficient positive contrast enhancement. In this review manganese based contrast agent approaches will be presented with a particular emphasis on nanoparticulate agents. We have discussed both classically used small molecule based blood pool contrast agents and recently developed innovative nanoparticle‐based strategies highlighting a number of successful molecular imaging examples. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2011 3 162–173 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.116 This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
ISSN:1939-5116
1939-0041
1939-0041
DOI:10.1002/wnan.116