Needs and challenges of daily life for people with Down syndrome residing in the city of Rome, Italy

• Published in: Journal of intellectual disability research 2011-08, Vol.55 (8), p.801-820
• Main Authors: Bertoli, M., Biasini, G., Calignano, M. T., Celani, G., De Grossi, G., Digilio, M. C., Fermariello, C. C., Loffredo, G., Luchino, F., Marchese, A., Mazotti, S., Menghi, B., Razzano, C., Tiano, C., Zambon Hobart, A., Zampino, G., Zuccalà, G.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Access to Education; Access to Health Care; Activities of daily living; Activities of Daily Living - psychology; Adolescent; Adult; Adults; Age Differences; Age Distribution; Caregivers - statistics & numerical data; carers; Child; Child, Preschool; communication; Community Mental Health Services - statistics & numerical data; Cross-Sectional Studies; Daily Living Skills; Doctors; Down Syndrome; Down Syndrome - psychology; Down Syndrome - rehabilitation; Down's syndrome; Education of Intellectually Disabled - statistics & numerical data; Employment, Supported - statistics & numerical data; Equal Opportunities (Jobs); Families & family life; Family (Sociological Unit); Family Structure; Female; Foreign Countries; genetics; Health; Health Services Needs and Demand - statistics & numerical data; Humans; Inclusion; Infant; Infant, Newborn; intellectual disability; Intellectual Disability - psychology; Intellectual Disability - rehabilitation; Italy; Learning disabilities; learning disability; Male; Medical Services; Middle Aged; Needs Assessment - statistics & numerical data; Original; Physicians; Privacy; Public Policy; Public Schools; Quality of Life; Quality of Life - psychology; Questionnaires; Recreational Activities; Rome; Secondary Schools; Sex Distribution; Social Integration; Social Networks; Social Support; Surveys; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0964-2633; 1365-2788
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01432.x

Background  Population‐based surveys on the quality of life of people with Down syndrome (DS) are difficult to perform because of ethical and legal policies regarding privacy and confidential information, but they are essential for service planning. Little is known about the sample size and variability of quality of life of people with DS living in the city of Rome, which has a population of 2.7 million inhabitants. The aim of the present study is to explore the needs and challenges in health, social integration and daily life, of people with DS living in Rome. Methodology  A cross‐sectional, census‐based survey was conducted in 2006. All family doctors (3016 in total) of the National Health Service were involved by the Statistical Bureau of the Municipality of Rome. As per the census, every resident citizen is registered with a family doctor and every person with disabilities is coded. Associations for Down Syndrome encouraged their members to participate in the research. Questionnaires were completed by families of people with DS, in accordance with privacy laws. Findings  An initial survey, conducted via a letter and a telephone contact with family doctors, identified 884 people with DS residing in the city of Rome. Data on the medical and social conditions of 518 people with DS, ranging in age from 0 to 64 years, were collected. Some 88% of these were living with their original family; 82.1% had one or more siblings, and 19.5% had lost one or both parents. A full 100% of children with DS were enrolled in the public school system. This ensures that they are fully occupied and entirely integrated in society. After secondary school there is a lack of opportunities. Thus, only 10% of adults were working with a regular contract. A mere 42.2% of people with DS aged 25–30 were involved in some form of regular activity (although not always on a daily basis). After the age of 30, the percentage of people demonstrating decline in function increased sharply, while disability‐related support decreased. In other words, as people with DS age, daily life evolves increasingly around the home, with only occasional outdoor activities. Conclusion  The health, employment and social needs of the majority of people with DS in the city of Rome are not being met. The findings of this study underscore the urgent need for more comprehensive inclusion in society of adults with DS and for the provision of support services to create an enabling environment for inclusion. Because o