Chymotrypsin C (Caldecrin) Is Associated with Enamel Development

Two main proteases cleave enamel extracellular matrix proteins during amelogenesis. Matrix metalloprotease-20 (Mmp20) is the predominant enzyme expressed during the secretory stage, while kallikrein-related peptidase-4 (Klk4) is predominantly expressed during maturation. Mutations to both Mmp20 and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of dental research 2011-10, Vol.90 (10), p.1228-1233
Main Authors: Lacruz, R.S., Smith, C.E., Smith, S.M., Hu, P., Bringas, P., Sahin-Tóth, M., Moradian-Oldak, J., Paine, M.L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amelogenesis - genetics
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Blotting, Western
Chymotrypsin - biosynthesis
Chymotrypsin - genetics
Dental Enamel Proteins - biosynthesis
Dental Enamel Proteins - genetics
Dentistry
Enamel Organ - metabolism
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Kallikreins - biosynthesis
Kallikreins - genetics
Male
Matrix Metalloproteinase 20 - biosynthesis
Matrix Metalloproteinase 20 - genetics
Mouth. Exocrine and endocrine salivary glands. Teeth. Esophagus
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Research Reports
RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis
Up-Regulation
Vertebrates: digestive system
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Summary:Two main proteases cleave enamel extracellular matrix proteins during amelogenesis. Matrix metalloprotease-20 (Mmp20) is the predominant enzyme expressed during the secretory stage, while kallikrein-related peptidase-4 (Klk4) is predominantly expressed during maturation. Mutations to both Mmp20 and Klk4 result in abnormal enamel phenotypes. During a recent whole-genome microarray analysis of rat incisor enamel organ cells derived from the secretory and maturation stages of amelogenesis, the serine protease chymotrypsin C (caldecrin, Ctrc) was identified as significantly up-regulated (> 11-fold) during enamel maturation. Prior reports indicate that Ctrc expression is pancreas-specific, albeit low levels were also noted in brain. We here report on the expression of Ctrc in the enamel organ. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot analysis were used to confirm the expression of Ctrc in the developing enamel organ. The expression profile of Ctrc is similar to that of Klk4, increasing markedly during the maturation stage relative to the secretory stage, although levels of Ctrc mRNA are lower than for Klk4. The discovery of a new serine protease possibly involved in enamel development has important implications for our understanding of the factors that regulate enamel biomineralization.
ISSN:0022-0345
1544-0591
DOI:10.1177/0022034511418231