BET Bromodomain Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy to Target c-Myc

• Published in: Cell 2011-09, Vol.146 (6), p.904-917
• Main Authors: Delmore, Jake E., Issa, Ghayas C., Lemieux, Madeleine E., Rahl, Peter B., Shi, Junwei, Jacobs, Hannah M., Kastritis, Efstathios, Gilpatrick, Timothy, Paranal, Ronald M., Qi, Jun, Chesi, Marta, Schinzel, Anna C., McKeown, Michael R., Heffernan, Timothy P., Vakoc, Christopher R., Bergsagel, P. Leif, Ghobrial, Irene M., Richardson, Paul G., Young, Richard A., Hahn, William C., Anderson, Kenneth C., Kung, Andrew L., Bradner, James E., Mitsiades, Constantine S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: animal models; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents - chemistry; Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology; Azepines - chemistry; Azepines - pharmacology; Benzodiazepines - chemistry; Benzodiazepines - pharmacology; cell cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; cell senescence; Disease Models, Animal; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; Drug Discovery; gene expression regulation; genes; Humans; inhibition; mathematical models; Mice; Multiple Myeloma - drug therapy; myeloma; Nuclear Proteins - chemistry; Nuclear Proteins - genetics; Nuclear Proteins - metabolism; oncogene proteins; pathogenesis; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - antagonists & inhibitors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - genetics; regulatory proteins; signal transduction; transcription (genetics); Transcriptional Activation - drug effects; Triazoles - chemistry; Triazoles - pharmacology
• ISSN: 0092-8674; 1097-4172; 1097-4172
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.08.017

MYC contributes to the pathogenesis of a majority of human cancers, yet strategies to modulate the function of the c-Myc oncoprotein do not exist. Toward this objective, we have targeted MYC transcription by interfering with chromatin-dependent signal transduction to RNA polymerase, specifically by inhibiting the acetyl-lysine recognition domains (bromodomains) of putative coactivator proteins implicated in transcriptional initiation and elongation. Using a selective small-molecule bromodomain inhibitor, JQ1, we identify BET bromodomain proteins as regulatory factors for c-Myc. BET inhibition by JQ1 downregulates MYC transcription, followed by genome-wide downregulation of Myc-dependent target genes. In experimental models of multiple myeloma, a Myc-dependent hematologic malignancy, JQ1 produces a potent antiproliferative effect associated with cell-cycle arrest and cellular senescence. Efficacy of JQ1 in three murine models of multiple myeloma establishes the therapeutic rationale for BET bromodomain inhibition in this disease and other malignancies characterized by pathologic activation of c-Myc. [Display omitted] [Display omitted] ► BET bromodomain proteins regulate MYC transcription ► The BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 selectively downregulates MYC and Myc-dependent target genes ► BRD4 binds to IgH enhancers next to MYC in rearranged multiple myeloma cells ► JQ1 inhibits myeloma cell proliferation in clinically relevant models Small-molecule inhibition of chromatin-reading bromodomoain proteins leads to transcriptional downregulation of the oncogene c-Myc, an intervention that is efficacious in mouse models of multiple myeloma.