Nanoparticles and neurotoxicity

Humans are exposed to nanoparticles (NPs; diameter < 100 nm) from ambient air and certain workplaces. There are two main types of NPs; combustion-derived NPs (e.g., particulate matters, diesel exhaust particles, welding fumes) and manufactured or engineered NPs (e.g., titanium dioxide, carbon bla...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2011-09, Vol.12 (9), p.6267-6280
Main Authors: Win-Shwe, Tin-Tin, Fujimaki, Hidekazu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Brain - metabolism
Brain - pathology
Humans
Inhalation Exposure - adverse effects
Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles - adverse effects
Nanoparticles - metabolism
Neurodegenerative Diseases - etiology
Neurotoxicity Syndromes - etiology
Review
Risk Assessment
Risk Factors
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Summary:Humans are exposed to nanoparticles (NPs; diameter < 100 nm) from ambient air and certain workplaces. There are two main types of NPs; combustion-derived NPs (e.g., particulate matters, diesel exhaust particles, welding fumes) and manufactured or engineered NPs (e.g., titanium dioxide, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, silver, zinc oxide, copper oxide). Recently, there have been increasing reports indicating that inhaled NPs can reach the brain and may be associated with neurodegeneration. It is necessary to evaluate the potential toxic effects of NPs on brain because most of the neurobehavioral disorders may be of environmental origin. This review highlights studies on both combustion-derived NP- and manufactured or engineered NP-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and gene expression, as well as the possible mechanism of these effects in animal models and in humans.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms12096267