Phosphatidylinositol synthase is required for lens structural integrity and photoreceptor cell survival in the zebrafish eye

• Published in: Experimental eye research 2011-10, Vol.93 (4), p.460-474
• Main Authors: Murphy, Taylor R., Vihtelic, Thomas S., Ile, Kristina E., Watson, Corey T., Willer, Gregory B., Gregg, Ronald G., Bankaitis, Vytas A., Hyde, David R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Apoptosis; cataract; Cataract - genetics; CDP-Diacylglycerol-Inositol 3-Phosphatidyltransferase - physiology; cell death; Cell Survival - physiology; Danio rerio; DNA Primers - chemistry; Epithelial Cells - cytology; Epithelial Cells - enzymology; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Freshwater; Genotype; Immunoblotting; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; lens epithelial cell; lens fiber cell; Lens, Crystalline - cytology; Lens, Crystalline - enzymology; Membrane Proteins - physiology; MicroRNAs - genetics; Mutation, Missense; phosphatidylinositol synthase; photoreceptor; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate - cytology; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate - enzymology; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Zebrafish; Zebrafish Proteins - physiology
• ISSN: 0014-4835; 1096-0007
• DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.06.010

The zebrafish lens opaque ( lop) mutant was previously isolated in a genetic screen and shown to lack rod and cone photoreceptors and exhibit lens opacity, or cataract, at 7 days post-fertilization (dpf). In this manuscript, we provide four different lines of evidence demonstrating that the lop phenotype results from a defect in the cdipt ( phosphatidylinositol (PI) synthase; CDP-diacylglycerol-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase) gene. First, DNA sequence analysis revealed that the lop mutant contained a missense mutation in the lop open reading frame, which yields a nonconservative amino acid substitution (Ser-111-Cys) within the PI synthase catalytic domain. Second, morpholino-mediated knockdown of the cdipt-encoded PI synthase protein phenocopied the cdipt lop/lop mutant, with abnormal lens epithelial and secondary fiber cell morphologies and reduced numbers of photoreceptors. Third, microinjection of in vitro transcribed, wild-type cdipt mRNA into 1–4 cell stage cdipt lop/lop embryos significantly reduced the percentage of larvae displaying lens opacity at 7 dpf. Fourth, a cdipt retroviral-insertion allele, cdipt hi559 , exhibited similar lens and retinal abnormalities and failed to complement the cdipt lop mutant phenotype. To determine the initial cellular defects associated with the cdipt mutant, we examined homozygous cdipt hi559/hi559 mutants prior to gross lens opacification at 6 dpf. The cdipt hi559/hi559 mutants first exhibited photoreceptor layer disruption and photoreceptor cell death at 3 and 4 dpf, respectively, followed by lens dismorphogenesis by 5 dpf. RT-PCR revealed that the cdipt gene is maternally expressed and continues to be transcribed throughout development and into adulthood, in a wide variety of tissues. Using an anti-zebrafish PI synthase polyclonal antiserum, we localized the protein throughout the developing eye, including the photoreceptor layer and lens cortical secondary fiber cells. As expected, the polyclonal antiserum revealed that the PI synthase protein was reduced in amount in both the cdipt lop/lop and cdipt hi559/hi559 mutants. Furthermore, we used a heterologous yeast phenotypic complementation assay to confirm that the wild-type zebrafish cdipt allele encodes functional PI synthase activity. Taken together, the cdipt-encoded PI synthase is required for survival of photoreceptor cells and lens epithelial and secondary cortical fiber cells. These zebrafish cdipt alleles represent excellent in vivo genetic tools to