From DOTS to the Stop TB Strategy: DOTS coverage and trend of tuberculosis notification in Ebonyi, southeastern Nigeria, 1998-2009

Nigeria ranks fourth among the 22 high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries. The estimated incidence of all TB cases in 2009 was 311/100,000 population. Since the implementation of DOTS in Ebonyi state, southeast Nigeria, the epidemiology of TB in the region has not been documented. Therefore, the obj...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Pan African medical journal 2011, Vol.9 (1), p.12-12
Main Authors: Ukwaja, Kingsley, Alobu, Isaac, Ifebunandu, Ngozi, Osakwe, Chijioke, Igwenyi, Chika
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Child
Directly Observed Therapy
Disease Notification - statistics & numerical data
Female
History, 21st Century
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Male
Middle Aged
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - isolation & purification
Nigeria - epidemiology
Retrospective Studies
Tuberculosis - diagnosis
Tuberculosis - drug therapy
Tuberculosis - epidemiology
Young Adult
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Summary:Nigeria ranks fourth among the 22 high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries. The estimated incidence of all TB cases in 2009 was 311/100,000 population. Since the implementation of DOTS in Ebonyi state, southeast Nigeria, the epidemiology of TB in the region has not been documented. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the type and case notification dynamics of TB following DOTS expansion and to examine age- and sex-specific trends in TB notification rate. A retrospective trend analysis of case notification data from the Ebonyi State Ministry of Health records from 1998 to 2009 was conducted. Patients were diagnosed according to the National TB and Leprosy Control Programme guidelines. Denominators for TB notifications were derived from population census data. Of the 24, 475 cases notified between 1998 and 2009, 66% were smear-positive, 31% smear-negative and 3% had extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Overall, the proportion of new smear-positive cases notified decreased continuously from 67% to 48% in 2009 while that of smear-negative cases increased from 29% to 40% in 2009. In 2005, 13 (100%) of the local government areas were covered by DOTS. Despite initial increase in case notification with DOTS expansion, the case notification rate had a mean annual decline of 3.1% for all TB cases (falling from 123/100,000 to 77/100,000), and of 5% for smear-positive patients (falling from 80/100,000 to 32/100,000). Smear-positive notification rate in children
ISSN:1937-8688
1937-8688
DOI:10.4314/pamj.v9i1.71187