Genome diversity in wild grasses under environmental stress

Patterns of diversity distribution in the Isa defense locus in wild-barley populations suggest adaptive selection at this locus. The extent to which environmental selection may act at additional nuclear-encoded defense loci and within the whole chloroplast genome has now been examined by analyses in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2011-12, Vol.108 (52), p.21140-21145
Main Authors: Fitzgerald, Timothy L., Shapter, Frances M., McDonald, Stuart, Waters, Daniel L. E., Chivers, Ian H., Drenth, Andre, Nevo, Eviatar, Henry, Robert J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abiotic stress
Amino acids
Barley
Base Sequence
Biological Sciences
Chloroplasts
Climate
Climatic conditions
Disease Resistance - genetics
DNA, Chloroplast - genetics
Environment
Environmental stress
Exons
Genes
Genetic diversity
Genetic loci
Genetic Variation
Genome, Plant - genetics
Genomes
Genotypes
Grasses
Hordeum spontaneum
Hordeum vulgare
Israel
Microlaena stipoides
Molecular Sequence Data
Plants
Poaceae - genetics
Population genetics
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Soil - analysis
Species Specificity
Stress, Physiological - genetics
Victoria
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Summary:Patterns of diversity distribution in the Isa defense locus in wild-barley populations suggest adaptive selection at this locus. The extent to which environmental selection may act at additional nuclear-encoded defense loci and within the whole chloroplast genome has now been examined by analyses in two grass species. Analysis of genetic diversity in wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) defense genes revealed much greater variation in biotic stress-related genes than abiotic stress-related genes. Genetic diversity at the Isa defense locus in wild populations of weeping ricegrass [Microlaena stipoides (Labill.) R. Br.], a very distant wild-rice relative, was more diverse in samples from relatively hotter and drier environments, a phenomenon that reflects observations in wild barley populations. Whole-chloroplast genome sequences of bulked weeping ricegrass individuals sourced from contrasting environments showed higher levels of diversity in the drier environment in both coding and noncoding portions of the genome. Increased genetic diversity may be important in allowing plant populations to adapt to greater environmental variation in warmer and drier climatic conditions.
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1115203108