Models for oral uptake of nanoparticles in consumer products

Presently, many consumer products contain nano-sized materials (NMs) to improve material properties, product quality and ease of use. NMs in food additives and in cosmetic articles (e.g., tooth paste) may be taken up by the oral route. As adverse effects of environmental nanoparticles, like ultrafin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxicology (Amsterdam) 2012-01, Vol.291 (1-3), p.10-17
Main Authors: Fröhlich, Eleonore, Roblegg, Eva
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adverse effects
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases
Consumer Product Safety
Consumer products
Cosmetics
diet
Emergency
Environmental Exposure
Epithelial barriers
epithelium
Food
food additives
food industry
Gastrointestinal Tract - metabolism
gastrointestinal transit
Humans
intestinal microorganisms
Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism
Medical sciences
Metals - administration & dosage
Metals - toxicity
Metals and various inorganic compounds
Models, Biological
Mucous Membrane - metabolism
mucus
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticles
oral exposure
Permeability
product quality
psychological stress
Review
risk
saliva
secretion
Silicon oxide
Silver
Titanium dioxide
Toothpastes - analysis
Toxicology
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Summary:Presently, many consumer products contain nano-sized materials (NMs) to improve material properties, product quality and ease of use. NMs in food additives and in cosmetic articles (e.g., tooth paste) may be taken up by the oral route. As adverse effects of environmental nanoparticles, like ultrafine particles, have been reported, consumers worry about potential risks when using products containing NMs. The review focuses on metal and metal oxide NMs as common additives in tooth paste and in food industry and exposure by the oral route. Testing of NMs for oral exposure is very complex because differences in the diet, in mucus secretion and composition, in pH, in gastrointestinal transit time and in gastrointestinal flora influence NM uptake. Acellular (mucus, saliva) and epithelial layer of the orogastrointestinal barrier are described. Expected exposure doses, interaction of the NMs with mucus and permeation through the epithelium as well as in vivo data are mentioned. The role of in vitro models for the study of parameters relevant for ingested NMs is discussed.
ISSN:0300-483X
1879-3185
DOI:10.1016/j.tox.2011.11.004