Expression and Function of a Large Non-coding RNA Gene XIST in Human Cancer

Background X inactive-specific transcript (XIST) RNA is involved in X chromosome silencing in female cells and allows X chromosome equilibration with males. X inactive-specific transcript expression has been found to be dysregulated in a variety of human cancers when compared to normal cells; meanwh...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:World journal of surgery 2011-08, Vol.35 (8), p.1751-1756
Main Authors: Weakley, Sarah M., Wang, Hao, Yao, Qizhi, Chen, Changyi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abdominal Surgery
Animals
BRCA1 Protein - genetics
Breast Neoplasms - genetics
Cardiac Surgery
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - genetics
Chromosome Inactivation
Chromosomes, Human, X - genetics
Epigenesis, Genetic
Female
Female Cell
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic - genetics
Gene Silencing
General Surgery
Humans
Klinefelter Syndrome
Klinefelter Syndrome - genetics
Male
Male Breast Cancer
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Mice
Neoplasms - genetics
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal - genetics
Ovarian Neoplasms - genetics
Precision Medicine - trends
Prostatic Neoplasms - genetics
RNA, Long Noncoding
RNA, Untranslated - genetics
Surgery
Testicular Neoplasms - genetics
Thoracic Surgery
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - genetics
Vascular Surgery
XIST Gene
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Summary:Background X inactive-specific transcript (XIST) RNA is involved in X chromosome silencing in female cells and allows X chromosome equilibration with males. X inactive-specific transcript expression has been found to be dysregulated in a variety of human cancers when compared to normal cells; meanwhile, the inactivated X chromosome has been noted to be conspicuously absent in human cancer specimens, whereas X chromosome duplications are widely noted. The specific pathways whereby changes in X chromosome status and XIST expression occur in cancer remain incompletely described. Nevertheless, a role for XIST in BRCA1-mediated epigenetic activity has been proposed. Methods Here we review the data regarding XIST expression and X chromosome status in a variety of female, male, and non–sex-related human cancers. Conclusions It is not yet known whether X chromosome duplication, XIST dysregulation, and over-expression of X-linked genes represent important factors in tumorgenesis or are simply a consequence of overall epigenetic instability in these cancers.
ISSN:0364-2313
1432-2323
DOI:10.1007/s00268-010-0951-0