Neuroimaging markers for the prediction and early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disease. At the time of clinical manifestation of dementia, significant irreversible brain damage is already present, rendering the diagnosis of AD at early stages of the disease an urgent prerequisite for therapeutic treat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Trends in neurosciences (Regular ed.) 2011-08, Vol.34 (8), p.430-442
Main Authors: Ewers, Michael, Sperling, Reisa A, Klunk, William E, Weiner, Michael W, Hampel, Harald
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer Disease - complications
Alzheimer Disease - diagnosis
Alzheimer Disease - pathology
Alzheimer's disease
Biological and medical sciences
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - metabolism
Brain damage
Cognition & reasoning
Cognition Disorders - diagnosis
Cognition Disorders - etiology
Cognition Disorders - pathology
Cognitive Dysfunction - diagnosis
Cognitive Dysfunction - pathology
Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases
Dementia
Dementia - diagnosis
Dementia - etiology
Dementia - pathology
Disease Progression
Early Diagnosis
Electrodiagnosis. Electric activity recording
Humans
Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)
Medical imaging
Medical sciences
Nervous system
Neuroimaging - methods
Neurology
Predictive Value of Tests
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Summary:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disease. At the time of clinical manifestation of dementia, significant irreversible brain damage is already present, rendering the diagnosis of AD at early stages of the disease an urgent prerequisite for therapeutic treatment to halt, or at least slow, disease progression. In this review, we discuss various neuroimaging measures that are proving to have potential value as biomarkers of AD pathology for the detection and prediction of AD before the onset of dementia. Recent studies that have identified AD-like structural and functional brain changes in elderly people who are cognitively within the normal range or who have mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are discussed. A dynamic sequence model of changes that occur in neuroimaging markers during the different disease stages is presented and the predictive value of multimodal neuroimaging for AD dementia is considered.
ISSN:0166-2236
1878-108X
DOI:10.1016/j.tins.2011.05.005