Arboviral Encephalitides: Transmission, Emergence, and Pathogenesis

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are of paramount concern as a group of pathogens at the forefront of emerging and re-emerging diseases. Although some arboviral infections are asymptomatic or present with a mild influenza-like illness, many are important human and veterinary pathogens causing s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology 2010-09, Vol.5 (3), p.428-442
Main Authors: Hollidge, Bradley S., González-Scarano, Francisco, Soldan, Samantha S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alphavirus - pathogenicity
Alphavirus Infections - transmission
Alphavirus Infections - virology
Arboviruses - pathogenicity
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Bunyaviridae
Bunyaviridae - pathogenicity
Bunyaviridae Infections - transmission
Bunyaviridae Infections - virology
Cell Biology
Chikungunya virus - pathogenicity
Communicable Diseases, Emerging - transmission
Communicable Diseases, Emerging - virology
Encephalitis
Encephalitis, Arbovirus - transmission
Encephalitis, Arbovirus - virology
Encephalitis, California - transmission
Encephalitis, California - virology
Flavivirus - pathogenicity
Flavivirus Infections - transmission
Flavivirus Infections - virology
Humans
Immunology
Invited Review
La Crosse virus - pathogenicity
Neurosciences
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Rift Valley Fever - transmission
Rift Valley Fever - virology
Rift Valley fever virus - pathogenicity
Virology
West Nile Fever - transmission
West Nile Fever - virology
West Nile virus - pathogenicity
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Summary:Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are of paramount concern as a group of pathogens at the forefront of emerging and re-emerging diseases. Although some arboviral infections are asymptomatic or present with a mild influenza-like illness, many are important human and veterinary pathogens causing serious illness ranging from rash and arthritis to encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever. Here, we discuss arboviruses from diverse families (Flaviviruses, Alphaviruses, and the Bunyaviridae ) that are causative agents of encephalitis in humans. An understanding of the natural history of these infections as well as shared mechanisms of neuroinvasion and neurovirulence is critical to control the spread of these viruses and for the development of effective vaccines and treatment modalities.
ISSN:1557-1890
1557-1904
DOI:10.1007/s11481-010-9234-7