Respiratory hospitalizations and respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in special populations

• Published in: European journal of pediatrics 2012-05, Vol.171 (5), p.833-841
• Main Authors: Paes, B., Mitchell, I., Li, A., Lanctôt, K.L.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - therapeutic use; Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use; Biological and medical sciences; Canada; Compliance; Congenital diseases; Cost analysis; Cystic fibrosis; Disease prevention; Down syndrome; Down's syndrome; Female; General aspects; Gestational age; Hospitalization; Human viral diseases; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases - drug therapy; Infant, Premature, Diseases - prevention & control; Infants; Infection; Infections; Infectious diseases; Lung diseases; Male; Medical sciences; Medication Adherence - statistics & numerical data; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Original; Original Article; Palivizumab; Pediatrics; Premature babies; Premature birth; Prevention and actions; Prophylaxis; Prospective Studies; Public health. Hygiene; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine; Registries; Regression analysis; Respiratory syncytial virus; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - drug therapy; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - prevention & control; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; Respiratory tract; Risk factors; Seasons; Treatment Outcome; Viral diseases; Viral diseases of the respiratory system and ent viral diseases
• ISSN: 0340-6199; 1432-1076
• DOI: 10.1007/s00431-011-1654-8

Palivizumab utilization, compliance, and outcomes were examined in infants with preexisting medical diseases within the Canadian Registry Database (CARESS) to aid in developing guidelines for potential “at-risk” infants in the future. Infants who received ≥1 dose of palivizumab during the 2006–2010 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) seasons at 29 sites were recruited and utilization, compliance, and outcomes related to respiratory infection/illness (RI) events were collected monthly. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for premature infants ≤35 completed weeks gestational age (GA) who met standard approval criteria (group 1) compared to those with medical disorders (group 2) using Cox proportional hazards regression models with adjustment for potential confounding factors. Of 7,339 registry infants, 4,880 were in group 1 and 952 in group 2, which included those with Down syndrome (20.3%), upper airway anomalies (18.7%), pulmonary diseases (13.3%), and cystic fibrosis (12.3%). Group 2 were older at enrolment (10.2 ± 9.2 vs. 3.5 ± 3.1 months, p