Familial monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma: epidemiology, risk factors, and biological characteristics

• Published in: Blood 2012-06, Vol.119 (23), p.5359-5366
• Main Authors: Greenberg, Alexandra J., Rajkumar, S. Vincent, Vachon, Celine M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Hematologic and hematopoietic diseases; Hematologic Neoplasms - complications; Humans; Immunodeficiencies. Immunoglobulinopathies; Immunoglobulinopathies; Immunopathology; Leukemias. Malignant lymphomas. Malignant reticulosis. Myelofibrosis; Medical sciences; Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance - complications; Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance - epidemiology; Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance - genetics; Multiple Myeloma - complications; Multiple Myeloma - epidemiology; Multiple Myeloma - genetics; Review; Risk Factors
• ISSN: 0006-4971; 1528-0020
• DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-11-387324

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a precursor to multiple myeloma (MM), is one of the most common premalignant conditions in the general population. The cause of MGUS is largely unknown. Recent studies show that there is an increased prevalence of MGUS in blood relatives of persons with lymphoproliferative and plasma cell proliferative disorders, suggesting presence of shared underlying genetic influences. In the past few years, additional studies have examined risk factors and biologic characteristics that may contribute to the increased prevalence of MGUS among relatives of probands with MGUS, MM, and other blood malignancies. This article reviews the known epidemiology and risk factors for familial MGUS and myeloma, the risk of lymphoproliferative disorders and other malignancies among blood-relatives of patients with MGUS and MM, and discusses future directions for research.